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($USUS.,    59    _ XXRvKelly19922SCR170,para.83,84  ($USUS.,    40    _ XX  RvMcIntosh19951SCR686,para.26,quotingInterpretationofStatutes,Cote #  #;    Seealso,Pollardv  ЀSurrey1993_BCJ_Ԁ#471,para.13,upholdingsameprinciple#  (# _d (USUS.,    xv     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage52line1725page53line13d _d (USUS.,    ix     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage15line813;page16line37dULevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 _d (USUS.,    xiv     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage23line12,1925d- - _d (USUS.,    xxvii     XXԀ Transcripts,March7,2007,Trialevidenceof_Oglaza_Ԁpage35line1516 d _d (USUS.,    xvi     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage25line1720d _d (USUS.,    xviii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage26line67,1525;page27line89d _d (USUS.,    xxxi     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Decoste_Ԁpage63line16page64line19d w ($USUS.,    56    _ XXԀ  Bell_ExpressVu_ԀLimitedPartnershipvRex󀀀2002_SCJ_Ԁ#43,para.29,30#  ##XX f# ]_d (USUS.,    xlvi     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceatTrial,_Oglaza_,page36line18!page38line5    EvidenceofKennedy,page85line1324d _d (USUS.,    lv     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage107line424d _d (USUS.,    lvi     XXԀTranscriptsBookofAccused,Appellant,ReasonsforJudgment,_Bartraw_ԀJ.,page128line1721    AppealBookofAccused,Appellant,page10Orderofthe_Honourable_ԀBlair,J.d ($USUS.,    59    _ XXaRvKelly19922SCR170,para.84 _d (USUS.,    xlix     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage99line2125d __d (USUS.,    xi     XXԀAppealBookofAccused,Appellant,#XX l# XXExhibit#1#XX # XXԀofProsecutorpage6568,d _d (USUS.,    xxi     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage29line2325"page30line111d _d (USUS.,    xxx     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Decoste_Ԁpage63line68d _d (USUS.,    xix     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage27line68,1015,1620d _d (USUS.,    xxviii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage47line711,1521d _d (USUS.,    xxiii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage33line2223;page34line1418;page  Ѐ47line711;AppealBook,Exhibit#1,page65d _d (USUS.,    l     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԅpage51line1517d h  \R3'Letter\ _d (USUS.,    xxix     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Decoste_Ԁpage59line1718d _d (USUS.,    xxv     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage37line523d _d (USUS.,    xxvi     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage45line2224d F ($USUS.,    51    _ XXԀ  Alberta(A.G.)v_Gares_󀀀197667_DLR_Ԁ(3rd)635#  # & ($USUS.,    54    _ XX_Lavigne_ԀvCanada(OfficeoftheCommissionerofOfficialLanguages)2002_SCJ_Ԁ#55,para.25 _d (USUS.,    xxxii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Decoste_Ԁpage64line720d  ($USUS.,    57    _ XXԀXX ,# hXꘉ#  Will_Kare_ԀPaving&ContractingvCanada󀀀2000_SCJ_Ԁ#35,para.59#  # ($USUS.,    55    _ XXdADictionaryofEnglishSynonymsd,Richard_Soule_Ԛ _d (USUS.,    xxxiii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Decoste_Ԁpage77line1324d _d (USUS.,    4     XXԀ HistoryandSystemoftheCommonLaw,RoscoePound2nd1913p.1,quoting,Spencer,Justice.s.27 #XX k# XX    Seealso,RvMann2004_SCJ_Ԁ#59,para.15;upheld,RvClayton2007_SCJ_Ԁ#32,para.68#XX '# XX;RvGrey1993  Ѐ_OJ_Ԁ#251#XX -# XXd ($USUS.,    xl    _d XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage82line520d _d (USUS.,    xxii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage34line2124;page35line1116d _d (USUS.,    xxxv     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Dunnpage73line1325d(O9$0  2  0  .3  0` (#(# _d (USUS.,    xxxvi     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Dunnpage75line716d(b$0  0` (#(#2   )3  0 ` (#` (# ##hd# _d (USUS.,    xxxvii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Dunnpage76line1824d _d (USUS.,    xliii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage85line23,49;page89line1019d _d (USUS.,    xliv     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage92line25d _d (USUS.,    xxxviii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Dunnpage80line815d _d (USUS.,    xli     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage83line1216d _d (USUS.,    xlvii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage85line1324d x  _\@R3'Letter\ F_d (USUS.,    xlv     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage85line2025page25line13;page  Ѐ102line811;page35line710d _d (USUS.,    2     XXԀ Rv_Schaer_Ԁ2003_OJ_#6219,para.8d _d (USUS.,    xlviii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage102page21page103line6d _d (USUS.,    li     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage105,line1314d d (USUS.,    lxv    _ XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceofKennedypage85line69d(w$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#2(   )3  0 (# (# _d (USUS.,    lii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage97line112d ($USUS.,    65    _ XXԀPressRelease,WindsorStar,January12,2007TrevorWilhelm _d (USUS.,    xlii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage85line610d _d (USUS.,    liii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage97line13d \R'3Letter Landscape\#Xd#-(;$2  0  .3  0  :'' 8Body Text 2     XXX  d _d (USUS.,    6     XXԀReporttoHealth,RecreationandSocialServicesCommittee,March14,2001,Ref.No.ACS2001_PEO_Ԅ  Ѐ_HEA_Ԅ0003,page12, PrivateClubsd< :Body Text I3[.\  `.Times New Roman TUR[   >44 <DL!!&>  e[4 <DL!eS\  `&Times New RomanS  \\R3'Letter\ _d (USUS.,    9     XXԀRv_Labaye_󀀀2005_SCJ_Ԁ#83,page.65d  ($USUS.,    40    _ XX  ԀRvMcIntosh1995_SCJ_Ԁ#16,para.21#  # A ($USUS.,    58    _ XXԀ  _Macdonell_ԀvQuebec2002_SCJ_Ԁ#71,para.70,75#  # #hXd#\R3'Letter\ y_d (USUS.,    iii     XXԀTranscriptsBookofAccused,AppellantTab1,March7,2007,page25line89    AppealBookofAccused,Appellant,ExhibitBook#1ofProsecutor,page6465,68#XX m#d _d (USUS.,    i     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage54line2024d  X \R3'Letter\#hXd#  ($USUS.,    40    _ XX  ԀRvMcIntosh19951SCR686,para.28,29,35,36,38#  #  _d (USUS.,    liv     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage97line13,1521d ^+TRO'3Letter LandscapeX3'Letter'3Letter Landscape3'LetterX3'T+  ($USUS.,    67    _ XXXX ,Ԁ# hXꘈ#  CanadianFoundationforChildren,YouthandtheLaw2004_SCJ_Ԁ#4,para.215#  #Rؿ37;AM]q1A.1.1.11.1.1.11.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 h\R3'Letter\ X 8?OU[agmsyLettersLettersA.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.     _d (USUS.,    ii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Dunnpage73line1112d \\R3'Letter\ _d (USUS.,    vi     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,SubmissionsinTrial,Kennedypage122line16d _d (USUS.,    v     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage15line313;page20line1215d _d (USUS.,    xvii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage25line1723d _d (USUS.,    xxxiv     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Decoste_Ԁpage70line814d _d (USUS.,    iv     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage14line1517d _d (USUS.,    vii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage25line7,8d \\R3'Letter\ _d (USUS.,    xxiv     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage31line2325page32line16d _d (USUS.,    11     XXԀ FrequentlyAskedQuestions,MinistryofHealthWebsite d _d (USUS.,    x     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage19line1011,1920d f_d (USUS.,    xx     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage28line2425page29line113;page36  Ѐline35;page53line1314d _d (USUS.,    xxxix     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,Kennedypage81line2225d _d (USUS.,    lxii     XXԀ Transcripts,March7,2007SubmissionsofCrownpage123line12!page124line6 d K ($USUS.,    8    _ XXd CopyofRogersvideotapedrecordingofMinutesofCityofOttawadebatesonOttawasmokingbylaw.  ЀLegalCounselappointedfortheCityofOttawaonthisissue,Ms.Peck,admitsthereinthatthelegislation,  Ѐvirtuallyidenticaltothepresent_SFOA_,wasnotintendedanddoesnotapplytoprivateproperty.No h Ѐdifferentiationismadebetweenoneshomeandanyothertypeofprivatepropertyindeeddiscussions ,L Ѐinvolvedprivateclubsasareatissueherein. 󀀀dd Td (USUS.,    lxiv    _ XXԀ Transcripts,March7,2007,EvidenceofKennedypage107line25page108line13   ЀAppealBook,Part6,Exhibit#1,page66,67,69d d (USUS.,    lxiii    _ XXԀAppealBook,Part5!ReasonsforJudgment,JP_Bartraw_,page50line320,2325d _d (USUS.,    3     XXԀBouviersDictionaryofLaw,3rded.p.2165d _d (USUS.,    lxi     XXԀAppealBook,Part5ReasonsforJudgment,JP_Bartraw_,March7,2007page50line320,2325  ЀAppealBook,Part3ReasonsforJudgment,JusticeMarch,April8,2008page36para.12_(c_)d _d (USUS.,    lix     XXԀAppealBook,Part5ReasonsforJudgment,JP_Bartraw_,March7,207p.50line110;p.51line57d \\R3'Letter\ \R3'Letter\#hXd# ^  8  ! , [ 00`    _d (USUS.,    lx     XXԀAppealBook,Part3ReasonsforJudgment,JusticeMarch,April8,2008,page32para.12(a)d _d (USUS.,    5     XXԀ PressRelease,MinistryofHealthandLongTermCare,MinisterofHealth,Mr._Smitherman_,page1,2d \\R3'Letter\ ##hXd# \\R3'Letter\ \\R3'Letter\ _d (USUS.,    lvii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceatTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage41line17d _d (USUS.,    7     XXԀ TranscriptsofHealth,RecreationandSocialServicesCommitteeMeeting,April6,2001d \\R3'Letter\ \\R3'Letter\  X  _d (USUS.,    xii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage32line1220d ##hXd# \\R3'Letter\ _d (USUS.,    9     XXԀRv_Labaye_󀀀2005_SCJ_Ԁ#83,para.42d < ($USUS.,    lviii    _d XXԀ Transcripts,March7,2007EvidenceofKennedypage85line25page86line4;page90line1315  ЀReasonsforJudgment,_Bartraw_,page132line16    Judgment,April8,2008,JudgeMarchpara.3 h   Transcripts,January3,2008,SubmissionsbyCrownpage49line1516d _d (USUS.,    1     XXԀMinutesofMinistryofHealthPromotionCommitteeMeeting,September5,2006,page30,#1040,John  ЀWatsonMinisterofHealth!notingthatOttawapassedtheirbylaw, mirroringtheProvincial_SFOA_  0  Also,seepage5,Hon.WatsonupholdingfindingsofU.S.SurgeonGeneralapplyingonlyto non h Ѐsmokersapresumptionagainofprotectionofinvoluntaryexposured _d (USUS.,    xiii     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceinTrial,_Oglaza_Ԁpage21line110,1722;page22line1720d d (USUS.,    12    _Ԁ XXASelectionofLegalMaxims,Broom18828thed.p.698,699 ;seealso,BouviersDictionaryofLaw,  ЀMaxims:_invito_Ԁ_beneficium_Ԁnon_datur_Ԁnooneisobligedtoacceptabenefitagainsthisconsent,page  Ѐ2140;_omnes_Ԁ_licentiam_Ԁ_habere_Ԁhis_quae_Ԁprose_indulta_Ԁ_sunt_Ԁ_renunciare_Ԁallhavelibertytorenouncethose  Ѐthingswhichhavebeenestablishedintheir_favour_,p.21512152d _d (USUS.,    10     XXԀPressReleaseofMinisterofHealth,February15,2005dE<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(.3$ !USUS.,  (.3$ !USUS.,  ($$   1  [[[[)!dxdx  X   X  _d (USUS.,    lxxvii     XXԀTranscripts,January3,2008,SubmissionsbyCrownpage203line718d d (USUS.,    lxxvi    _ XXԀTranscripts,January3,2008,SubmissionsbyCrownpage202line27page203line1d Dd (USUS.,    lxxv    _ XXԀTranscripts,January3,2008,SubmissionsofCrownpage202line25page204line27;page205  Ѐline9page208line2 d 1d (USUS.,    lxxiv    _ XXԀTranscripts,January3,2008,SubmissionsofCrownpage202line25page203line27;page214  Ѐline311d d (USUS.,    lxxiii    _ XXԀTranscripts,January3,2008,SubmissionsofCrown206line810;page207line2429d _d (USUS.,    lxxii     XXԀAppealBook,Part3JudgmentofMarchpage38,para.15, InthisCourtsview,theJusticeofthe  ЀPeacewasawarethattheestablishmentwasamembersonlyclubandthatanymemberofthepublic  Ѐthatdidnotagreetotherulescouldnotbeamember.d d (USUS.,    lxxi    _ XXԀAppealBook,Part5Judgmentof_Bartraw_Ԁpage128line1721;page1301516d Kd (USUS.,    lxx    _ XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceofKennedypage84line27;page89line1119;page93line  Ѐ14;page96line25page97line18d d (USUS.,    15    _ XXԀTheLawofSearchandSeizureinCanada,Fontana7th,p.1,quoting_Semayne_sCase1604d d (USUS.,    lxix    _ XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007EvidenceofKennedypage98line25page99line10d d (USUS.,    lxviii    _ XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,page124line6;page125line1920d d (USUS.,    14    _ XXԀInterpretationofStatutesinCanada,Cote3rd󀀀page62d  ($USUS.,    13    _ XXdTorontovOriginalPlayhouseCafLtd.2005_OJ_Ԁ#1721para.60ddd d (USUS.,    lxvii    _ XXԀAppealBook,Part5ReasonsforJudgment,_Bartraw_,page50line12,610;page51line57    AppealBook,Part3ReasonsforJudgment,JusticeMarch,page3233para.12(a)d 9 ($USUS.,    lxvi    _ XXԀIfbecauseoftheimpliedlicenceprinciple, [dpara.48,49hereind] theactualhomeitselfwasconsideredto  Ѐbe opentothepublic,thenthe_SFOA_wouldapplytoprivatehomes,contrarytotheCrownsassertion  Ѐitdoesnot,andpermit_warrantless_ԀsearchesdirectlyintooneshometoenforcetheActanddeny j Ѐsmokingeveninthehome.Absurdly,onewouldhavetopostNoSmokingsignsontheirhomes.Ifa .N Ѐhomeowner,however,wassellingtheirchattelsinahousesale,thenthehomemaybe opentothe  Ѐpublicbutonlyforthehoursofthesale,again,goingtointentionofuse. d (USUS.,    16    _ XXԀRv_Boenisch_Ԁ2005_BCJ_Ԁ#2907para.21d d (USUS.,    17    _ XXԀRobsonv_Hallett_󀀀1967Div.Court(C.A.CriminalDivision)P.307,312d d (USUS.,    lxxviii    _ XXԀAppealBook,Part6Exhibit#1,page65  ЀTranscripts,March7,2007Evidenceof_Oglaza_Ԁpage33line1824;page34line1420    EvidenceofKennedypage85line23,line1324;page101line2324page102line7  d d (USUS.,    18    _ XXԀRvTricker96CCC(3rd)198page2,5,6_BCCA_d d (USUS.,    lxxix    _ XXԀ AppealBook,Part5ReasonsforJudgment,_Bartraw_Ԁpage51line815d d (USUS.,    lxxx    _ XXԀ Transcripts,March7,2007EvidenceofKennedyp.86line17page87line9d d (USUS.,    lxxxi    _ XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007SubmissionsofCrownpage125line1418d d (USUS.,    lxxxii    _ XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,TrialEvidenceof_Oglaza_,page41line1925!page42line7d d (USUS.,    lxxxiii    _ XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,TrialEvidenceof_Oglaza_,page35line1516d d (USUS.,    lxxxiv    _ XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,TrialEvidenceof_Oglaza_,page42line11;page43line1017d d (USUS.,    lxxxv    _ XXԀTranscripts,January3,2008,Evidenceof_Oglaza_Ԁpage56line825d d (USUS.,    lxxxvi    _ XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,EvidenceofTrial,Dunnpage79line18!page80line15d d (USUS.,    lxxxvii    _ XXԀAppealBook,Part5ReasonsforJudgment,_Bartraw_,page50line21page51line7d d (USUS.,    lxxxviii    _ XXԀSeepara.herein,DockersCase,ChartersCased ($USUS.,    lxxxix    _ XXԀdSeedpara.7,8,16,27,31,36herein 7d (USUS.,    19    _ XXԀDockers_Labour_ԀClubvRaceRelationsBoard󀀀19743All_E.R._Ԁ592,594(j)HouseofLordsd d (USUS.,    20    _ XXԀChartervRaceRelationsBoard󀀀1973A.C.868@p.903d d (USUS.,    3    _ XXԀReporttoHealth,RecreationandSocialServicesCommittee,March14,2001,Ref.No.ACS2001_PEO_Ԅ  Ѐ_HEA_Ԅ0003,page12, PrivateClubsd d (USUS.,    21    _ XXԀBlacksDictionaryofLaw,4thp.1393d d (USUS.,    22    _ XXԀConciseOxfordDictionary,1956#XX l# XXd d (USUS.,    xc    _ XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,page89line1219;page97line19d d (USUS.,    xci    _ XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,TrialEvidenceof_Oglaza_,page45line2225d d (USUS.,    xcii    _ XXԀAppealBook,Part5,ReasonsforJudgment,_Bartraw_ԀMarch7,2007page49line1214d d (USUS.,    xciii    _ XXԀTranscripts,January3,2008,CrownsSubmissionspage192line420d cd (USUS.,    xciv    _ XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007page29line2325page30line14;page33line2223;page34line14  Ѐ18;page89line1019;page92line25;page107line1424d d (USUS.,    xcv    _ XXԀAppealBook,Part3ReasonsforJudgment,Marchpage35para._(c_) d d (USUS.,    20    _ XXԀChartervRaceRelationsBoard󀀀1973A.C.868@885(d)d d (USUS.,    20    _ XXaChartervRaceRelationsBoard󀀀1973A.C.877(b),879(g)d _d (USUS.,    xcvi     XXԀTranscripts,March7,2007,Judgment,page48line525!page49line111;page51line67,1113 d d (USUS.,    xcvii    _ XXԀAppealBook,Part3ReasonsforJudgment,March,page35,para.12_(c_)d Ud (USUS.,    xcviii    _ 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Nn =xXX   WrittenArgumentofMikeKennedy &F #XX=x#   XXTableofContents #XX #  x LJXXPart#XXJL # XXԀ0  0@ ##0 @ #@ #0 # #0H##0H#H#0##0P##0P#P#0###XX O#LJXXPage#XXJLV# XXԀFf## #XX # dPart10  SummaryofEvidenceatTrial0H##0H#H#0##0P##0P#P#0##0X ##1X #X #     A.0 @ WitnessevidenceofMr._Decoste_0@ #@ #0P##0P#P#0##0X ##3X #X #     B.0 @ WitnessevidenceofMr.Dunn0@ #@ #0P##0P#P#0##0X ##4X #X #     C.0 @ DefendantwitnessevidenceofMikeKennedy0@ #@ #0##0X ##4X #X # Part20  IssuesuponthisAppeal0##0H##0H#H#0##0P##0P#P#0##0X ##6X #X # Part30  Argument0@ ##0 @ #@ #0 # #0H##0H#H#0##0P##0P#P#0##0X ##6X #X #     A.0 @ Thetestonappeal0H@ #@ #0H#H#0##0P##0P#P#0##0X ##6|X #X #     B.0 @ IntentionofLegislature0@ #@ #0##0P##0P#P#  0X ##7h X #X #     C.0 @ NatureandscopeofLegislation0@ #@ #0P##0P#P#0##0X ##12T!tX #X #     D.0 @ IstheClubpublicorprivate?0@ #@ #0##0P##0P#P#0##0X ##12@"` X #X #     E.0 @ ApplicationofDockersandChartersCases0P@ #@ #0P#P#0##0X ##18,#L!!X #X #     F.0 @ Trespassingissues H 0@ #@ #0##0P##0P#P#0##0X ##26$8""X #X #     G.0 @ Wasthepublic ordinarilyinvitedorpermittedaccess?0@ #@ #0X ##27%$##X #X #     H.0 @ AppliedPrinciplesofStatutoryInterpretation0@ #@ #0##0X ##30%$$X #X #      @ _i_.0 Interpretationofstatutorydefinitions0P # #0P#P#0##0X ##30&$%X #X #     I.0 @ Privacyconsiderations0@ #@ #0##0P##0P#P#0##0X ##35'%&X #X #     J.0 @ Weretherefeesinvolved?0@ #@ #0##0P##0P#P#0##0X ##36(&'X #X #     K.0 @ Isthe_SFOA_ambiguous?0@ #@ #0##0P##0P#P#0##0X ##37)'(X #X #      @ _i_.0 Fixedandcertainlaw*() # #      @ 0 Lowerjudiciaryfailedtounderstandthelegislation0 # #0X ##38x+)*X #X # 0  0##0@ ##0 @ #@ #Healthunitofficialsadmittedtheydidnotunderstandd,*+ # #      @  thelegislation     P      X 40 P-p+,      @ 0 PresumptionofnoninterferencewithVestedrights0 # #0X ##40<.\,-X #X # Part40  ConclusionandOrderSought0H##0H#H#0##0P##0P#P#0##0X ##4133(/H-.X #X #  3) /-/  TRX3'LetterX3'Letter3'Letterordinarilyinvitedorpermittedaccess?03'LetterX3'T8XXdd8^8! ,X[ 00`    = dd= XXPart10  SummaryofEvidenceatTrial#XX +# XX##  #XX e,#! ! (28""    v-2  1  .3  0    Thereexistedapublicrestaurantandbarformerlyknownd XX ligenceeffo_d #  i     _ #XX dR.#Ԁas_Dolittle_sSportsBarandGrill, L hereinafter_Dolittle_s,locatedinSmithsFalls,Ontario. Therewasasignpostedattheentrance B noticingallvisitorsthatthispremiseswasnowthatofSmokersChoice/NonSmokersChoice.d XX q4 #  ii      #XX d0# XXv--݌## Ќ  #XX 31#""  12  2  .3  0    InSeptemberd,2006,theAccused,AppellantMikeKennedy,hereinafterKennedy,openedhis h   ownprivateclubknownas SmokersChoice/NonSmokersChoice,hereinaftertheClub,atthe  6  samepremiseswhere_Dolittle_shadpreviouslycloseditsdoorsdaweekprior.ddKennedyisnot ,  relatedto_Dolittle_snoritspreviousowners.d XX c0 #  iii      #XX d$4# dd11݌ ## Ќ  d (22! !""  52  3  .3  0    ThefirstwitnesswasInspector_Oglaza_,hereinafter_Oglaza_,fortheRespondent._Oglaza_Ԁtestified R theHealthUnitreceivedacomplaintthatthepremisesformerlyknownas_Dolittle_swas   permittingsmokingonsite. d XX_z #  iv      _#XX d7# = d d=OnSept.82006,_Oglaza_ԀaccompaniedbyinspectorAndrewDunn,  hereinafterDunn,arrivedat_Dolittle_sforaninspectioninresponsetothisallegedcomplaintd.d XX _t #  v     _#XX d9#  x ThecomplainantremainsanonymousandwasneverputuponthestandinchiefbytheCrown.d XX s #  vi      d #XX d:#55݌F## Ќ  ""  ;2  4  .3  0     _Oglaza_ԀwasmetbyKennedy,operationmanageroftheClub, d hX{ #  vii     #XX d<# whokindlypermitted_Oglaza_    toenterthepremises d hX_ #  viii     _Ԁ#XX d=# atthistimeonly,tomakeaninitialobservationd XX _ #  ix     _ #XX d>#Ԁtoconfirmthatthis l" wasaprivateclub._Oglaza_Ԁtestifiedhesawashtrays,whichKennedyconcedeswerepresent.d XX _  #  x     _ #XX d,@#;<݌b$## Ќ  ""  1A2  5  .3  0    Kennedynoticed_Oglaza_Ԁthatthepremisesarenotapublicplace,therearenoemployees & ( workingthere,andprovidedacopyofthemandatoryMembershipcardsandforms.d XX ,  #  xi      #XX dB#  _Ogalza_ !*  confirmedtheClubwasdiligentinensuringtocheckallMemberstoconfirmtheywerein "V, possessionofdtheirmembershipcarddatalltimesasaconditionofentry.d XX  _ #  xii      _#XX dMD# Kennedynoticed   _Oglaza_ԀthathisplacewasinfullcompliancewiththeSmokeFreeOntarioAct,hereinafter b _SFOA_,andincludedamembershipduesof$4/monthandsmokingwaspermittedtherein.d XX _4 #  xiii      _ #XX d]F#1A^A݌X## Ќ  ""  eG2  6  .3  0    _Oglaza_ԀthenreturnedonSept.13,2006tomakeinquirieswithrespecttowhowaslistedonthe   liquorlicence,whoservedthealcoholandwithrespecttocleanupissues.d XX _ 0 #  xiv     _#XX dH# Notbeinga ~   MemberoftheClub,_Oglaza_Ԁwasprohibitedfromentrybythedoorman.d XX _, #  xv      _#XX dJ# _Oglaza_Ԁasked  L  KennedytopostnonsmokingsignswhichKennedyrefused,noticing_Oglaza_Ԁthatthepremises B  wasaprivatemembersclubandnotapublicplace,thereforethe_SFOA_,didnotapply. d hX_#( #  xvi     _#XX d%L# eGG݌ ## Ќ  ""  &M2  7  .3  0    _Oglaza_ԀthenrequestedtoenterthepremisesandKennedyrefusedhimaccess,noticing_Oglaza_ h  onceagainthatthiswasaprivateclubandonlyMembersarepermittedentrance. _v$ #  xvii     _ &MSM݌6## Ќ  ""  rO2  8  .3  0    _Oglaza_ԀattemptedtoenterthepremisesthedaypriortothegrandopeningoftheClub,however  headmitshewasrefusedentry, _$  #  xviii     _ forwantofavalidMembershipwiththeClub.Thereisno \ evidencethatthisgrandopening(noranyothertime)wasadvertisedtothepublic._Oglaza_ R testifiedhesawonepersonsmokingintheClubatthistimetowhichKennedyconcedes. d XX_/ #  xix     _#XX dfR# rOO݌  ## Ќ  ""  jS2  9  .3  0    _Oglaza_ԀattendedathirdtimetotheClubonSept.20,2006andtookpictures.Heagain x$ attemptedtoentertheClubpremisesandwasdeniedentryonthesameaforesaidgrounds. d XX_ #  xx      _#XX dT#  F& _Oglaza_ԀevidencesthatKennedydidnoticehimoftheprocessrequiredtobecomeaMemberof <( theClub.Kennedypresented_Oglaza_ԀwithacopyofaMembershipformwiththerequirements  * tobecompleted,andtherequirementtoagreetoallofthetermsandconditionslistedthereon, "l, aswellasthepaymentofMembership_dues. d hXA_ #XX dW#ԀOnlyuponagreementandcompliancewiththese b#.  proceduresandconditions,canonebecomeaMemberandthereafterabletoaccesstheClub $i!0 premisesd.d XX _- #  xxi     _#XX dX# _Oglaza_Ԁacceptedthis.d XX _@4 #  xxii     _ #XX dY#ԀKennedypostedwarningsignsonthefrontofthepremises   thatonlythosewhochoosetoagreetoallconditionsofMembership,mayjoinandonly b thereaftermayentertheClub.d XX _10 #  xxiii     _#XX dM[#  Itwasconcededthatthepremisesmeetstherequirementof X beingenclosed.d XX _ #  xxiv      _ #XX d}\#ddjSS݌&## Ќ   d hX    ddA #XX d]# AppealBookquote,Exhibitd#1,page69    " "  L^2  10  .3  0    _Oglaza_sonlyevidenceinrelationtotheClubbeingapublicplacetowhichthepublicis    ordinarilyinvitedorpermittedaccess,notedhereinatpara.69,wasthatallnonmembers {  includinghimselfweredeniedentrance.Thereisnoevidenceontherecordthatnonmembers, I  evenone,wereeveradmittedentrancetotheClub.L^y^݌? ## Ќ  " "  `2  11  .3  0    OneoftheconditionsandrulesofentryandMembershipisanexpressagreementthatoneshall o notjeopardizetheenjoymentofothers._Oglaza_Ԁevidencesthathewasrefusedentrybecausehe e couldnotcomplywiththerulesoftheClub.d XX _5 #  xxv     _#XX dub# ``݌3## Ќ  " "  |c2  12  .3  0    _Oglaza_sevidenceiscontradictory.Initially,hetestifiedhemadethedeterminationthattheClub  waspublic(thoughhefailstoevidencethefactshereliesupontosupportthisconclusion). _6 #  xxvi      _  Y  Subsequently,headmitsthathe(andbyclearinference,the generalpublicd XX _" #  xxvii     _#XX de# which_Oglaza_ O" admitstobeingamemberof)wasprohibitedfromenteringtheClubbecausehe/theycannot $ complywithallthequalificationstobecomeaMember,_ie_:thatitisnotaplacewhichthepublic & areordinarilyinvitedorpermittedaccess.d XX _0 #  xxviii     _#XX d#h# _Oglaza_Ԁadmittedthereisatransitionfrombeing u( amemberofthe generalpublictobeingaMemberofthisprivate_Club. d hXxxx_ #XX di#ԀGeneralpublicof  C* course,mustbe_Oglaza_sinterpretationof publicinthedefinitionof enclosedpublicplace. |cc݌9",## Ќ   D XX  #XX D Bk#XXA.0  WitnessevidenceofMr._Decoste_#XXՓk# XX $i!0## #XX %l#0k" "  l2  13  .3  0    Mr._Decoste_,hereinafter_Decoste_,isthetobaccocoordinatorfortheareaforwhichtheClubwas  'y#2 located.d XX _4 #  xxix     _#XX dm# d_Decoste_Ԁadmittedtobeingunsureastothemeaningofanenclosedpublicplace,  providingnoevidenceofwhat publicentailed,norofthequalification ordinarilyinvitedor b permittedaccess.d XX _.4 #  xxx     _#XX do# Whencodmparedtohistestimonyd XX _%0 #  xxxi      _#XX dp# withrespecttohisdisagreementswith X theHealthMinisteronthisissue,d XX _9, #  xxxii     _#XX dq# andfurtheronat TranscriptsMarch7,2007,page65 & line1415 ,itisclearthatthereexistedawidedivergenceofopinionwithinthedepartmenton "  theactualmeaningofthedefinitionofapublicplace,aswaslaterconfirmedbyDunn.d XX _=( #  xxxiii     _Ԁ #XX ds#ll݌  ## Ќ  " "  t2  14  .3  0    InreexaminationbyKennedyslawyer,_Decoste_Ԁevidencedthatonecanhaveaprivateclubthat N  isnotabarandarestaurant. d XX_x$ #  xxxiv     _#XX d v# tt݌ ## Ќ   D XX  #XX D *w#XXB.0  WitnessevidenceofMr.Dunn#XX{w# D XXt ## #XX D w# w""  ex2  15  .3  0    Mr.Dunn,hereinafterDunn,firstarrivedwith_Olgaza_ԀonSept.8,2006.HetestifiedKennedy  setupanentrancetableoutsidetheactualpremisestoprohibitnonmembersfromentry. d XXA  #  xxxv     #XX dy# exx݌R## Ќ  ""  z2  16  .3  0    Dunnconfirms_Olgaza_sevidencethatKennedydidnoticethemthatthiswasaprivateclub. d XXC #  xxxvi     #XX d{#   Kennedy,inhiscommentstoDunn,elaboratedfurtherontheexclusivenessofhisClubby  x clarifyingthatascomparedtoLegions,onlycardcarryingMembersoftheclubwerepermitted n  access;memberscouldnotbringguests. F #  xxxvii       Dunnagreesthatwhetherornotthepropertyis <" leasedorowneddirectlyisofnoconsequencetotheissueoftheClubbeingapublicplace. I  #  xxxviii      zz݌2$## Ќ   XX  #XX K#XXC.0  DefendantwitnessevidenceofMikeKennedy b(## #XXՙ#9""  M2  17  .3  0    KennedyhasoutlinedthestructureofthisprivateClub,thegovernancebeinganExecutiveof "r* threemembers,aBoardofDirectorsfortheRegion,andalocalBoardforthespecific h#, facility.d XX   #  xxxix       #XX d#Mz݌$6!.## Ќ  0  TheClubhasaCharterconsistingofasetofmandatoryrules,regulationsandaconstitution.d XX ? #  xl      #XX d #  Theconstitutionandbylawsreferprimarilytoelectionstrategies./## ""  )2  18  .3  0    TheClubleasedtheprivatepremisesasameetinghallfortheexclusiveuseofitsMembers.d XX J4 #  xli      #XX d #  _ OnlythosepeoplewhosharetheviewsoftheClubandarepreparedtocomplyanddocomply U  withtherulesandregulations,canbecomeMembers. d hXV0 #  xlii     #XX dm#TheClubwasneveropentothepublic  #  andthepublicareexpresslyexcludedfromentry. G, #  xliii      TheClubwasnotasportsbaratany R   time.d XX H( #  xliv     #XX d# ThecriteriatobecomeaMemberisfivefold.AlthoughrecruitmentforMembership   wasdirectedatsmokers,membershipincludedthosewhoagreedtothesetermsandconditions.)V݌ ## Ќ  "D"  Dډ0  0##2  i  )3  0@ ##  youarepreparedtoacceptthehazardsofsecondhandsmoke;Dډ݌d @ #@ # Ќ  "D"  D0  0##2  ii  )3  0@ ##  youwillnotbecomeinvolvedindrugs;D4݌P@ #@ # Ќ  lj"D"  D50  0##2  iii  )3  0@ ##  youwillnotbeintoxicated;D5x݌<@ #@ # Ќ  "D"  DZ0  0##2  iv  )3  0@ ##  youwillnotjeopardizetheenjoymentofothers;and,DZ݌(@ #@ # Ќ  "D"  D0  0##2  v  )3  0@ ##  youmustkeepwatchthedoortoprohibitnonmembersfromenteringClubd XX M$ #  xlv     #XX dv# dbD݌@ #@ # Ќ   d""  2  19  .3  0    Membersofthepublichavebeenrefusedentrybecausethattheydidnotagreetoabidebythe D rulesandregulationsoftheClub. d hX_' #  xlvi     _ #XX d#ԀTheyweretoldtoleaveandnotwithstandingallfuture : attemptstoreenterbyagreeingtopaythedues,theyweredeniedentry.TheClubrequiresthat  anyonewishingtobecomeaMembermustagreetoallrulesandregulations,andpaymentof j! afeeisinsufficientiftheydisagreewiththeremainingcriteria.d XX K #  xlvii      #XX d# Failuretocomplywiththese `# rulesandregulationscanresultandhasresultedinexpulsionfromthepremises.d XX O  #  xlviii     #XX d # ݌.%## Ќ   ""  2  20  .3  0    Althoughfood,alcoholandbeveragesweresold, +  #  xlix      theClubreceivednokickbacksfromsame. !) AllworkwasdonebyvolunteersincompliancewiththeHealthProtectionPromotionAct.No "T+ chargeswerelaidpursuanttothisAct._Oglaza_Ԁtestifiesthathedidnotappearinhiscapacity J$ - underthislatterAct.d XX _2 #  l     _ #XX d#ԀNordidanyotherofficial;norinrelationtoenforcementofliquorlaws.`d0݌## Ќ  `dd""  2  21  .3  0    AdvertisingforMembershipwasdirectedtoarestrictedsegmentofthecommunityonlyupon  becomingaMembercouldpeoplethereafterenterthepremises.d XX P4 #  li     #XX d# Advertisingwasnotintended _ tobedirectedtothepudblicnordoneso.d XX T0 #  lii     #XX d# TheCrownconcedes,this ..makessense,doesnt [  it? d hXW, #  liii      #XX d #ԀItwastheseselectedpeoplewholaterbecameMembers. d hXg( #  liv      #XX d#ԀSoseriouswastheClubon  )  beingprivatethatitbegantotakephotoIDtobekeptoncomputertoverifythatonlyMembers    couldenter.d XX ($ #  lv      #XX dI# Anyonewhosepicturewasnotinthecomputerdatabasewouldberefusedentry.݌ ## Ќ   XXPart20  IssuesuponthisAppeal#XX #  XXE ## #XX #,,XXXX,,"B9"  B9ܶ0  2  1  .3  0##  #,,XXꘗ#XX,,Whetherthepremisesregardingwherethechargeswerelaidconstitutean enclosed V publicplacewithinthemeaningofsubsection9(1)oftheSmokeFreeOntarioAct, $ 1994C.10,asofthedateofthecharge,September8,2006?d XX _)  #  lvi      _#XX d# B9ܶ݌## Ќ  ,,XXXX,,d"B9"  B90  2  2  .3  0##  alternatively,thedefinitionofenclosedpublicplaceintheSmokeFreeOntarioActis - general,vague,ambiguousand/oruncertaininitsscopeandapplication.B9'݌## Ќ  ,,XX  ,,Part30  Argument#,, # ###  8` 8XX,,&[%XX Publichealthagenciesandtheirallieshavebeenwagingwaron % tobaccofordecades.   8_ #  1      _Ԁ (myemphasis) #XX%&[#  & 8 :8` HV  d""  `2  22  .3  0    Thefirstthingthatislostineverywaristhetruth.Inthiscase,itisthebold,circuitousattempt 4) todenytheconstitutionalexistenceofprivatepropertyrights,aswellasinteralia,freedoms *!+ suchasthatofassembly,belief,thoughts,association,andunlawfulsearchand/orseizures.`݌"-## Ќ  ,,XXd,,   dd#,,լ#,,A.0  Thetestonappeal#,,#d d$ !1## ΫXX,,""  2  23  .3  0    Pursuanttos.134oftheProvincialOffencesAct(POA),s.114,117126,128(b)and129ofthe  POAapplyherein.dThetestuponappealtomeetisthus:݌b## Ќ   8` 8&[%XX ..inaconvictionappealiswhether,ontheevidence,aproperly : instructedtrieroffact,actingjudiciallycouldreasonablymakethe  findingsnotwithstandingtheotherpossiblerationalexplanations ~ thatcouldbeprovidedbytheevidence.#XX%&[#d XX _N #  2      _ #XX d## V  8 8` 5   XX B.0  IntentionofLegislature#XXX#  ## d :dd24.0  Theguiding,fundamentalprincipleofourlaw,forwhichthe_SFOA_mustbeinterpretedin   compliancewith:tout_ce_Ԁ_que_Ԁla_loi_Ԁnedefendpasest_permis_Ԁeverythingispermittedwhich n  isnotforbiddenbylaw.d XX 4 #  3      A#XX dͳ#d ## Bd  8` 8&[%XX .thatwhichwehavetoexpressinapreciseway,isthelibertyof < eachlimitedonlybythelikelibertiesofall.Thiswedobysaying:  Everymanisfreetodothatwhichhewills,providedheinfringes X nottheequalfreedomofanyotherman.#XX%&[#d XX _>0 #  4      _#XX dh# 0 8 ̴8` ڴ o25.0  The_SFOA_ԀwaspassedbytheLegislatureinDecember2005andcameintoeffectonMay31,d  dd2006.d XX   9_ #  lvii     _#XX dW#d hXԚ #XX d@#ԀItwasanattempttoamalgamateamyriadoflocalbylawsfromacrosstheprovince.d XX   9_ #  5      _ #XX d޹#V##  0  0## ##  26.0  ThepreviousOttawabylaw,effectuallythesamewordingasthat_SFOA_d,madenoprovisions S for,norreferencetoprivateclubs/places,admittedlybecause, ..intheproposedbylaw... they I arenotfacilitiestowhichthegeneralpublicareinvited.d XX _\ #  6      _ #XX d#ԀOnlyprivateclubswithemployees ! wereincluded. TheClub,astheCrownandMarchagreedhasnoemployees,onlyvolunteers.d XX 2:_l #  lviii     _#XX d# d XX  y# #XX d۾#Ԁ  Mrs.Jones,DirectorofOttawaBylawServicesandByLawEnforcement,confirmedthatthe, u %  ..enforcementprovisionswouldnotapplyinaprivateplacewheretherearenoemployees.d XX   :  #  7      #XX d#!C'##  9#)   TRX3'LetterX3'Letter3'Letter"  M2 3'Letterordinarilyinvitedorpermittedaccess?0T   27.0  Themaximoflaw,whichmayapplygenerallytoprivateissues,isadvocatedtoalsoapply  herein.Thestatehasnobusinesslegislatingwhatprivatepeoplecandoontheirownproperty b whereitdoesnotinvoluntarilyaffectsomeonewhoisopposedtoit.X##  8` 8&[%XX Culpaest_immiscere_Ԁse_rei_Ԁadsenon_pertinenti_Ԁitisafaultto 0 meddlewithwhatdoesnotbelongtoordoesnotconcernyou.#XX%&[M#  t    BouviersDictionaryofLaw,p.2130   L 8 8` -; ! !28.0  OttawareceivedlegaladviceduringpublicsittingsfromLegalCounselMs.Peck,confirming .   thatcounselintentionallymade noprovisionforprivate_clubs d hXA_ #XX dF#ԀintheCityssmoking   legislationbecause ..suchfacilitiesbytheirnaturewouldnotfallunderthepublicplacesby ^  law.d XX  #  7      #XX dT#Ԁ _Counsellors_Ԁknewthatalltypesofprivatepropertywereomittedforlegalreasons.d XX _4 #  8      _ #XX dt#ԀItis T  reasonableandlogicaltoinferthatthesamelegalprinciplesappliedtotheomissionofprivate ( propertyinthe_SFOA_,whichiswordedalmostidenticallytothatofOttawas. ## 6    d hXdA#XX d#0 @ Seepara.62,123herein b@ #@ # d29.0  JusticeofthePeace_Bartraw_,hereinafter_Bartraw_,erroneouslydeterminedthattheintentionof : r|byl!the_SFOA_,wastoprotect everyotherpersonresidentinOntariofromsecondhandsmoke.d XX #  ;_@ #  lix     _#XX d #  0 Marcherredonthesamepointonappeal.d XX < #  lx     #XX d7#Ԛ Thesefindingsareunsupportedinevidence,norare  thesewordsexpresslystatedinthelegislation.Neither_Bartraw_ԀorMarchreferencedany ` evidenceinsupportoftheseerroneousfindings.  V!## 30.0  _Bartraw_Ԁgivesnoticeoftheallegeddesiretoprotectallpersonsfromtheharmfuleffectsof % smokingandsecondhandsmokeasbeingthepurposeoftheAct,asdidMarch. d XX_8 #  lxi      _ #XX d#TheSCCin | ' _Lebaye_d XX  0=؀ #XX d#heldthatprotectionofthepublicfromapublicallyundesirableactivityisonlyrequired !J) iftheactivityatissueisbeingforceduponpeopleagainsttheirwill,_ie_:involuntarily,theexact |#+ andlimitedraisondetreofthe_SFOA. d hXA_ #XX d#ԀThedefinitionofa publicplaceintheCriminal $J!- Codeisvirtuallyandeffectuallythesameasherein.d XX  __ #  9     _ #XX d#@&"/## n*  nTRX3'LetterX3'Letter3'Letterewhosepicturewasnotinthecomputerdatabasewouldbe3'Letter"  M2 TX^ n     &[%hXA 0  Seepara.33,44,62herein,onintentions  d## ddd#XX%&[z#  p  8` 8&[%XX ..itisessentialthattherebeariskthatmembersofthepublic H eitherwillbeunwillinglyexposedtotheconductormaterial,or   thattheywillbeforcedtosignificantlychangetheirusualconduct d toavoidbeingsoexposed.#XX%&[v#d XX   _ #  9      _#XX d#&[%XX (myemphasis)#XX%&[#b < 8 8`   31.0  TheCrownalsoagreeddbefore_Bartraw_Ԁthatdapublicplacein_Lebaye_isthesameasapublic v   placeinthe_SFOA_,andaswithprivateplaces.TheCrown,however,saysthesamedefinition  D  shouldbeinterpreteddifferentlyasitappliestodifferentactivities.> d XX 4 #  lxii      #XX d;#Ԁ Thisisabsurdandviolates :  theprincipleoflawthatalllawsmustbefixedandcertain. ##  32.0  TheCrown,inaddressing_Lebaye_raisesanobviousissuearetheredifferentclassesofpublic? f  Privatepublicplaceswherefornicationispermittedand/orsemipublicplaceswhereitis 4 permitted,oralternatively,doestheCrownnowarguethatsmokingisbannedinallprivate * places?TheCrownspositionleavesopentheimpressionthatfornicationispermittedinpublic  placessuchasTimHortonswheredoesthislegalinterpretationcomefrom?Z## " "  2  33  .3  0    TheintentionoftheLegislaturewasnottoprotectparticipatingsmokersfrompossibleeffects  oftheexerciseoftheirownfreewilldecisions.Theintention,asadmittedbytheMinister,was ! toprotectnon_smokers d hXA_#XX d# frominvoluntaryexposuretosecondhandsmoke,> d XXllprivate_0 #  1      _#XX d)#d hXԀ#XX d# andthenonlyin v# theexpresslydefinedplaces,wherethepublicare ordinarilyinvitedorpermittedaccess. ݌D%## Ќ   8` 8d hXA#XX dP#&[%hX  '  ..andwewanttoprotectnonsmokersfromthedeadlyeffectsof T ( secondhandsmoke...Wedonotgooutofourwaytopenalize ,!) smokers..#XX%&[#d XX  x #  10      #XX d#&[%XX(myemphasis)  "p*   Q.0  WhatexactlyistheGovernmentsstrategytoreduce #Z , smokingrates?$2!-xx A.0  ..Protecting_Ontarians_Ԁfrominvoluntaryexposureto % ". secondhandsmoke.#XX%&[#d XX t #  11      #XX dT#&[%XXԀ(myemphasis)#XX%&[# v&"/xx 8 18` ? "!"  2  34  .3  0    Thereisnoevidencethepublicwasinvoluntarilyexposedtosecondhandsmokeinorfromthe (%2 _Clubspremises.Thereisnoevidencethepublicwasforcedintothepremisesortochangetheir  usualconducttoavoidbeingexposedtosecondhandsmokeinorfromtheClubspremises.݌b## Ќ  """  2  35  .3  0     IftheSFOAwasintendedtobenefitsmokers,itwouldhavebeenexpresslystatedtoextendto & alltypesofprivatepropertyaswell.  Bartrawhasconfusedtheallegedexposuretosecondhand   smoke,tothelawfulextentandlocationthattheLegislaturewascapableofprohibiting    smoking.d XX sissuear?  #  lxiii     #XX d# ThereisnoevidencethatattendingtheClub1x/week,or1x/month,oranyother  R  giventimeperiodconstitutesarisktooneshealth;oralternatively,ifariskdoesexist,where H  thedividinglineofsafetylies. d ݌ ## Ќ  d"#"  2  36  .3  0    AllMembersoftheClub,smokersandnonsmokersalike,bytheirexpresseddesiretobeapart n  oftheClubandparticipateincertainactivitiesincludingbutnotrestrictedtosocializingand < smoking,havelawfullywaivedanypurportedrightsorbenefitsunderthislegislation,afortiori 2 beingengagedinalawfulactivitytobeginwith.NoMembercouldclaimthattheywere  unawareasMembersastowhattheywerevoluntarilydoingastheywereallgivenacopyofthe b ClubsCharterandapplicationform. d hX4 #  lxiv      #XX d #Ԁquilibetpotestrenunciarejuriproseintroductoevery X manmayrenounceabenefitorwaiveaprivilegewhichthelawhasconferreduponhim.d XX ng_ @ #  12     #XX dT#A݌& ## Ќ   "$"  k2  37  .3  0    Bartrawerroneouslyassumes,beingevidentiallyunsupported,that Youshouldnothavetobe ~$ putintoasituationwhereyourhealthisatrisk...Thisfindingconflictswiththeevidence L& admittingthatallMembersarenotcompelledtojoinnorforcedtodosomethingagainsttheir B( willMembershipisvoluntary.d XX ng_A Qd #  lxv      #XX dt#d XX#XX d9# Members,byfreelyagreeingtoallconditionsofMembership  * havemadethelawfulchoicetoforegopotentialhealthconcernstosatisfytheirdesiretosmoke. k݌"r,## Ќ  "%"  2  38  .3  0    Pursuanttos.14(4),(5)oftheSFOA,whichdefinesinspectionpowers,aninspectormayenter $6!0 andinspecta place,whichs.14(2)definesasbeing(referencings.9)an enclosedpublic ,&"2 place, workplaceand/ora place,butonlyduring the placesregularbusinesshours. '#4 (myemphasis)Thereareonlytwopossibilities:eithers.14(4),(5)permitsinspectionsonly  tothe placeslistedats.9(2),oritappliestoallofs.9,includings.9(1).BecausetheClub b isnota prescribedplaceats.9(2)(7.),norencompassedwithintheremainingplaceslisted X ins.9(2),ifs.14(4),(5)wereinterpretedtoapplyonlytos.9(2),thentherewouldbenopowers & forOglazatoinspecttheClubandenforcetheSFOAatall.S.14(2)expresslyreferencesss.   4(2)ands.9,withoutnotinganyss.tos.9.ItisreasonabletoinferthattheLegislatureintended ~   toencompassallplacesins.9,includingbutnotrestrictedtoanenclosedpublicplace.݌ L ## Ќ  "&"  M2  39  .3  0    Ifthen,boths.9(1)and(2)areencompassedwithins.14(4)(5),thens.14(4) [ theplaces] ,   (5) [ aplace] expresslyidentifyallplacesins.9asbeingexclusivelya business,for  x  purposesofaninspectiontoenforcetheSFOA,withtherequirementthatitmustbeopentothe t  publicasdefinedinthedefinition.Becauses.14(4)expresslymeansan enclosedpublicplace, B (s.9(1)),a workplace(s.9(1)),anda place(s.9(2))area business,thisiswhatisreferred 8 toins.14(5)aswell.Privateplaces/clubsarenota businessnordotheyhave regular  businesshours.A businessisfundamentallydifferentfromaprivateplace/clubandis h generallyeitheropentoallthepublicorisaworkplace,whereaprivateplaceorclubisneither, ^ unlessithasemployees.Itmustbeopentothepublicoraworkplace,otherwisehowcouldit ,  makemoney? Onlyifthe businessisattachedtoadwelling,theinspectoruponreasonable "" notice,mayinspectthedwelling,onlyforthepurposesnotedins.14(8),inthebusinesspartof $ thedwelling.(sees.1, enclosedworkplaceands.1(2)) ThereisnoprovisionintheSFOA R& foranyinspectionofprivateproperty,neitherins.14(4),(5),s.9(1),nors.1, enclosedpublic N( place!allprivateplaceswereclearlyanddeliberatelyomitted!d XX a #  lxvi      #XX d#Mz݌ *## Ќ   8` 8&[%XXBusiness:0 h Acommercialenterprisecarriedonforprofit;a "j- particularoccupationoremploymenthabitually #F . engagedinforlivelihoodorgain.$!/hxhx    BlacksDictionaryofLaw,8thEd.p.211#XX%&[ #  b&"1 8 8`    "'"   2  40  .3  0    Notwithstandingtheaforementionedissues,theSFOAregulatesplaceswherepeoplecansmoke, (%4 notwhetherpeoplecansmokeornot. Section10oftheInterpretationActcanonlyapplyto )j&6  TRX3'LetterX3'Letter3'Letterhereitis 4 permitted,oralternatively3'LetterewhosepicturewasnotinthecomputerdatabasewouldbeT   ensuretheattainmentoftheSFOAtotheintentionsoftheLegislaturetoprotectnonsmokers  frominvoluntaryexposuretosecondhandsmoke,atplaceswherethepublicisordinarily b invitedorpermittedaccess.BothBartrawandMarcherredgrievouslyonthispointby X attemptingtoclaimthattheintentionwastoprotecteveryoneateverylocation. d XX_ #  lxvii      #XX dy#  ݌&## Ќ    XXC.0  NatureandscopeofLegislation#XXb#~  ##  "("  2  41  .3  0    Theuseoftheword orbetweenss.a)ii)andb) aprescribedplaceinthedefinitionof 4    enclosedpublicplaceobligatestheCrowntoprovethattheClubfallsundera)orb). !݌  ## Ќ  ")"  2  42  .3  0    InordertofindthattheClubpremiseswasan enclosedpublicplace,theremustbeevidence Z  attrial,provingthefollowingessentialelementsbeyondareasonabledoubt:݌(## Ќ      a)0 @ thattherewasaplace;@ #@ #     b)0 @ thattheplacewasenclosed;@ #@ #     c)0 @ thattheenclosedplacewasaplacewherethepublicisordinarilyinvitedor l permittedaccess,whetherafeeischargedornotbeingirrelevant.d XX erpretedto C] #  13     #XX d# X@ #@ # q"*"  2  43  .3  0    Kennedyconcedesa)andb).Theissueturnsthenuponpointc)above.Thereareseveral  elementstothispoint,allofwhichrequiredevidenceprovingthembeyondareasonabledoubt:@݌t## Ќ  "S+"  S0  0##0@ ##2(  i  )3  0 @ #@ #  theremustbeapublic;S݌V! # # Ќ  "S+"  S0  0##0@ ##2(  ii  )3  0 @ #@ #  thepublicmustbeordinarilyinvitedtotheplace,expresslyorby B" invitation;orS ݌.# # # Ќ  "S+"  SV0  0##0@ ##2(  iii  )3  0 @ #@ #  thepublicisordinarilypermittedaccesstotheplace,expresslyorby $ invitation.SV݌ r% # # Ќ  "+"  2  44  .3  0    Theword meansasusedinthisdefinitionproclaimstheintentionthatitwasintendedtoapply T"( restrictivelytothestatedwordstherein,andisrequiredpursuanttotheprinciplesofstatutory #" * interpretationtobesoconstrued.d XX [ #  14      #XX d#ԀAnyattempttogivethisdefinitionabroadorexpansive %!, meaningbeyondtheexpresswordsthereinastheCrownispurportingtodo,d XX !Y'#DY #  lxviii     #XX d # willrunafoul z&". ofthesefundamentalinterpretiveprinciplesandwasanerrorbyBartrawandMarchtosodo.  d hX ݌'H$0## Ќ  #XX d&"#   XXD.0  IstheClubpublicorprivate?#XX"# * '4## Ї"","  d#2  45  .3  0    TheprivatenatureoftheClubisselfevidentfromKennedysandthemembersattitudeand  beliefthatthiswastheir homeawayfromhome,d XX W #  lxix      #XX d$#Ԁinresponsetothisdirectquestionfrom b theCrown, ..isyourhomeawayfromhome?,whichmustthenadmittheapplicationofthe X maxim, amanshomeishiscastle.d XX oralternatiEU4 #  15      #XX dM&#Ԛd ##݌&## Ќ  "-"  g'2  46  .3  0    TheClubwasneveropentopublicnorwasthereeveranyadvertisingdirectedtothepublic.d XX oralternatiFS0 #  lxx      #XX dJ(#d ~   dBothBartrawd XX Q #  lxxi     #XX d?)# andMarchd XX O #  lxxii     #XX d)# concedethattheClubwasaprivateplace.Thustheonlytrue  L  issueiswhetherornottheSFOAcoversprivateclubs/places.g''݌B ## Ќ  )+ "."  +2  47  .3  0    TheCrownarguesthatasaprivateplaceisnotexpresslymentionedintheSFOA,thatitis   includedtherein.d XX Mp #  lxxiii     #XX d,# Applyingthissameillconceivedlogictoahome,ittooisnotexpressly ^  mentionedintheAct.YettheCrownarguesitisnotincluded.d XX Kl #  lxxiv     #XX d.# DespitebeingaskedbyMarch T topointtothelawwhichexceptsahome,theCrowninitiallydancedaroundthisissue,was " unabletoanddidnotdirectlyreplytoit.d XX I,  #  lxxv      #XX dr/#d hXԀ #XX d0#TheCrownwasfinallyforcedtoadmitthattheonly  referencetoahomewasinthedefinitionofaworkplacewhichtheCrowndidnotproceed z pursuantthereto.AstheprivatehomeisnotincludednormentionedintheSFOAandtheCrown H arguestheSFOAdoesnotapplytoit,thisthenappliestoallprivatepropertysuchasthatofthe > Club,whichtooisnotmentionedtherein.TheSFOAmakesnodistinctionsnordifferences  ! betweendifferenttypesofprivateproperty.Therearenoexemptionsbaseduponzoning. d hX ++݌n### Ќ  2#XX 2#d"/"  32  48  .3  0    TheCrownarguesthattheonlyexceptionisoneshome,andthisbecausethereis ..notan ' invitationsignon...d XX G  #  lxxvi     #XX d4# thehome.Hearguesthathavinga hairdressersshoporother v ) businessinthehomeisaninvitationtothepublic. E  #  lxxvii      Tothecontrary,everyhomehasan !D+ impliedlicence  forallmembersofthepublictoapproachthehomeanddobusinessatall  times. meansMd #  16      Thisofnecessity,requiresthepublicinmostcasestoenterthehome.33݌b## Ќ  "0"  ;82  49  .3  0    Thisimpliedpubliclicenceisrebuttabled XX f4 #  17      #XX d8# anddidnotexistattheClub.Thepublicwere & expresslywarnedthatiftheywerenotMembers,theycouldnotenter. d hXmeansNh0 #  lxxviii     #XX d:# Theexistenceofan   impliedlicencewouldabsurdlyleaveeveryhomeopentothepublicasthisdoesamounttoan ~   invitation.Oncerevokedbyanymethod,includingbywayofNotice, thepublicarenolonger  L   ordinarilyinvitedorpermittedaccess,theClubexitsthepublicrealmandentersprivate.;8h8݌B ## Ќ  d XX 8` 8#XX <# Suchimpliedlicencecanberebuttedbyexpressrefusalofit, h  asinthiscasetheRobsonscouldnodoubthaverebuttedthe T  impliedlicencetothepoliceofficersbyputtingupanoticeon @  theirfrontgate Noadmittancetopoliceofficers;butthat , wasnotdoneinthiscase. d hX17#XX d>#w"XXԀ #XX"w># XX<R@     h      p     #XX 5?#  Solongasthatimpliedlicenceexistedtheappellant,  asamatteroflaw,wasnotatrespasseruponthedeceaseds z property. f   j?Thepropertyowner [NOTE:ismuchwiderthan R homeowner] is,however,entitledtowithdrawthelicence. B Oncethelicenceiswithdrawnthepersonwhohasentered 2 underthelicence [NOTE:thepublic] mustleavethe  propertywithinareasonabletimeorbecomeatrespasser....It z isonethingtosaythattheofficerswereatlibertytoenterthis f garagetomakeaninquiryandanotherthingtosaythatthey R  wereentitledtoremainafter,withemphasis,theappellant >! said: Getoutside.Youcannotcomeherewithoutasearch *" warrant.Fromthatmomenton,itseemstomethatthe # officersweretrespassers.Thedeceasedwasentitledto  $ withdrawtheimpliedlicence.d XX d5?#Nj #  18      #XX dD# !% 8 <8` < A n"& "1"  F2  50  .3  0    TheClubssigns/warningsareeffectuallyidenticaltoa NoTrespassingsign.Anymember #< ( ofthepublicwhoisnotaMemberenteringuponthepremisescouldbechargedwith 2%!* trespassing.ThisrefutesanyattempttoclaimthattheClubwasopentothepublic. d hXAF?F݌&#,## Ќ  #XX dG#     @     H      d hXdA#XX dH#ԀSeepara.9497herein,trespassing  (N%/ d ):&0 fH"2"  I2  51  .3  0    Bartrawgrievouslyerrswhenhedeterminesthatonlyprescribedplacesareexemptandthatthe  Club,althoughprivate,isnotaprescribedplaceandthereforenotexempt.d XX dinallpriOl #  lxxix     #XX dJ# TheSFOA b expresslystatesthatanyprescribedplaceisinfactanenclosedpublicplaceandthussubject X totheAct.AprescribedplaceisnotanexemptionclauseandtheClub,notbeingaprescribed & place,isadmittedlynotsubjecttotheAct.II݌ ## Ќ  dd52.0  TheCityofSmithsFallsdidnotrequiretheClubtoobtainanymeetinghallnorfoodlicences.  L  Kennedywasneverchargedwithoperatingwithoutsuchlicencesnorwasanyattemptmadeby B  theCitytoshuttheClubdownforviolationsofitslaws.TheClubcouldnothaveoperatedin   theprivatemanneritdidifnotacceptedassuchbytheCity.TheCrownagreedtothesefacts. d XXn4 #  lxxx     #XX dO#r ##  󀀀 h  53.0  TheCrownarguesthatfortheSFOAtoapplytoprivatepropertywouldrequirespecial 6 legislation.d XX p0 #  lxxxi     #XX dzP# ThereisnodifferentiationintheSFOAbetweendifferenttypesofprivate , property,unlessthepropertyisopentothedpublic.Dockers,CharterandLebaye.d##   54.0  Oglaza,whoreceivedtrainingonhowtoimplementtheSFOA,d XX r, #  lxxxii     #XX dpR# admittedthereisatransition R frombeingamemberofthe generalpublictobeingamemberoftheClub.d XX t( #  lxxxiii      #XX dS#Ԁ General    public,notexpresslymentionedintheSFOAisOglazasadmissionthat publicintheSFOA " definitionof enclosedpublicplaceandKennedysprivateClub,areinfact/lawdifferent. x$## d XX#XX U#d55.0  OglazawastrainedthatplacesotherthanresidencesareexemptfromtheSFOAandhelists l( severalofthem,includingbutnotrestrictedtoprivatecarsandprivatevehicleswhicharealso b * notprivatedwellings.Hebegantoadmittheseotherprivateplacesinresponsetothedirect !0, question,beforehecuthimselfoffthat, Therewereexamplesofpremisesthatwere"..d XX v$ #  lxxxiv     #XX dW# &#.## ^   X 56.0  OglazamisledtheCourtastothenatureofhispowerswhenheclaimsthatthereisno %V"2 exemptionforprivateclubspursuanttotheFoodPremisesRegulations,s.2(1)(c).Many L'#4 indeedmostprivateclubssuchastheRideauClub,HellsAngelsandothers,areneverchecked (%6 byanyfoodinspector,norcouldtheylawfullysodo.*|&8## 57.0  OglazaadmitsthathedoesnotknowifHellsAngelsareprivateorpublicclub.d XX x #  lxxxv     #XX dZ# Hedoesnt  knowthedifferencebetweenHellsAngelsprivateclubandSmokersChoice.If,asBartraw b andMarchhaveheld,membersofSmokersChoiceweremembersofthepublicandtherefore X allegedlyboundbytheSFOA,thensotoowouldmembersoftheHellsAngelswhoarealso & membersofthepublic,yetOglazaevidenceshedoesntknowiftheyareprivateorpublic. ##   58.0  IsOglazaevidencingthattherearedifferenttypesofprivateclubsandisunsureoftheirstatus?  L  Ifhedoesntknowaboutoneclubbutdoesknowabouttheotheraretheredifferentlevelsof B  privateclubssemiprivate,fullyprivate,partiallyprivateandhowdoeshemakesubclasses   andcriteriaforsame?WhyisSmokerschoiceaprivateclubandOglazadoesnotknowthe r  statusoftheHellsAngelsprivateclub?IfonlyprivateresidencesareexemptastheCrownand h  Oglazaclaim,whyisitthatOglazadidnotknowthestatusoftheHellsAngelsprivateclub 6 wouldnottheyalongwithallprivateclubsbeallegedlyboundbytheSFOA?Thereisclearly , adoublestandardagainstKennedysomepeoplearemembersofthepublicevenasaprivate  club,andsomearenot.Thisisnotmaintainable.\## 59.0  Dunn,inhisevidence,contradictsOglazaandadmitsthatthereareinstancesofprivateplaces    notcoveredbytheSFOA.d XX z4 #  lxxxvi      #XX dGb#ԀHeevidencesthatifitis privateproperty,whereonesfriends " comeby,theSFOAdoesnotapply,exactlyasstatedbyKennedy.Inotherwords,itisadmitted x$ tobeconditionofusethatisthestandingcriteriaofaprivateclubvpublic.F&##  60.0  Bartrawsfindingsthat, Sowhetheryouaresigningamembershipcardornot,youarestill  * amemberofthepublicoftheProvinceofOntario...Soclearlywhentheymadethedefinition "l, undersubsection1ofthisAct.......theyarespeakingofallmembersofthepublicwhetheryou b#. areamemberofaclubornot.,d XX |0 #  lxxxvii     #XX de# isinconsistentwiththewordingofthedefinition,the $0!0 evidencegivenbyallwitnesses,andismerelyanassumptionbytheJP.&&"2## 61.0  UponsigningthemembershipcardfortheClub,oneisnolongeramemberofthepublic,but (V%6  ratherofthisprivateClub. d hX~, #  lxxxviii     #XX dg#ԀTherightsanddutieshavechanged,asevidencedbytherules L*&8 andregulationsonemustabidebytobeamember.d XX  #  lxxxix     #XX di# ##  i      @  i62.0  Theantithesisorantonymofpublicisprivated XX berebuttedY4 #  19     ,#XX dj#d XX0 #  20      #XX dwk#Ԁandaprivateclubneednotbeexpressly N mentionedintheSFOAasbeingexemptedforittobeso.Thatprivateclubsarenotexpressly D mentionedagreeswiththeintentiontonotincludethembecauseascounselfortheHealthBoard  concedes,beingprivate,thepublicareautomaticallyexcludedfrominitiationoraccessthereto.  t  Thattheyarenotpublicmeanstheyareprivateandthelegislationdoesnotapplytothem.j  ##  8` 8d&[%XX Therearenoprovisionsintheproposedpublicplacesbylaw  $  dealingwithprivateclubssincetheyarenotfacilitiestowhichthe   generalpublicareinvited.#XX%&[gn#d XX , #  3      #XX do#&[%XXԀ (myemphasis)#XX%&[,p# h  8 En8` Sn2nd  63.0  ThewordpublicisnotdefinedintheActandisgivenitsordinarymeaning.d XX  #  21      #XX dbq# ##     Public:0 Concerningthepeopleasawhole.d XX  #  22      #XX d{r# ~ # #     Private:0 Notopentothepublic.[ asawhole]Onesown,asmygoods, V property;individual,personal,notaffectingthecommunity. d hX21#XX dt#d hXL'#4 Z #  xc     #XX dLt#B # # p XX#XX Hu#64.0  TherestrictednatureoftheClubanditsrefusaltopermitentrytononmemberstakesitoutof T thepublicrealmandintotheprivate.OglazaadmittedthattheClubdidhavelimitstothepublic " enteringuponthepropertyanditwasnotopentothe generalpublicashefirstclaimed.d XX  #  xci      #XX dv# ## wd     d 65.0  Bartrawsfindingsthat ..anymemberofthepublicthatisntgoingtoagreewiththeserules, f" canbecomeamemberandbeallowedin.d XX  #  xcii      #XX dx# , iswhollyunsupportedupontherecord,asthe 4$ CrownconcededbeforeMarch. d hX  #  xciii     #XX dy# Allevidencerevealsthatanyonewhorefusestoagreewith 0 & allrules,isprohibitedfrombothmembershipandentry.d XX   #  xciv      #XX d{#ԀBartrawsrelianceuponthiserror !(  appearstoformthebasisofhisfurtherfindingthattheClubspremiseswasapublicplace.d @(#  dd  hX"`*## #XX |#dF|66.0  AlthoughMarchheldthattheJPwasopentoreachinghisdecision,headmitsthattheMembers   oftheClubareprivatemembers,notpublic.Hiscommentthat, ..theonlydistinctionthateach b ofthemembersoftheclubhasisthattheyaresmokers.Otherthanthat,theyareallmembers X ofthepublic.d XX  #  xcv      #XX d~#ԀrecognizesthatintheircapacityasMembers,theyareexemptedoutofthe & public.Memberscannotbothbesimultaneouslypublicandprivateforpurposesofthesamelaw. ##    XXE.0  DockersandChartersCases#XX#  L ## 67.0  IntwodeterminativecasesarisingoutofhumanrightslawinEngland,theHouseofLordshad    occasiontoruleuponidenticalissuesinvolvedinthiscase,ie.publicvprivate.Thewordingat d  issueinboththesecaseswaswhetheraprivateclubwaspartofthe public,oranysectionof Z  thepublicoodPremises_d XX 4 #  20      #XX de#,asopposedtojust publicintheimpugnedlegislationherein.  (##      @     H      P   68.0  InasmuchastheCrownhasarguedhereinthatnoonecanbeexemptfromthislegislation,in  Charter,theRaceRelationsBoardsimilarlyarguedthattheActthere,appliedto, ...thepublic N andallpartsandsectionsofit.,andthatall, ClubsareprimafaciewithintheAct..d XX 0 #  20      a#XX dv#Ԁ Itwas D furtherargued, Everyoneisamemberofthepublic,sothatanytwoormorepersonsgathered  togetherconstituteasectionofthepublic. [Charter,page900(g)] z ##  XXdd#XX ,#69.0  Thisargumentwasconclusivelyrejected.Tobegin,theCourthadtodealwiththeissueofthe $ legitimacyoftheclub,theprimaryconsiderationbeingtheselectionprocessofmembers. j& Bartrawhasconcededthattheestablishmenthereinwasaprivateclub,butfoundittobean `( enclosedpublicplaceonlybecausehefoundthateveryClubMemberwasalsoamemberof  .* thepublicatalltimesandthereforethepublicwasinvitedorpermittedaccess.d XX berebutted`, #  xcvi     #XX d#$",## d XX #XX #ds70.0  InCharter,theLordsmadethefollowingcriteriainrelationtolegitimateclubs,whichis $,!/ respectfullysubmitted,providesacompleteanswertotheCrownscase:"&"1##    8` 8&[%XX ItissuggestedinthejudgmentoftheCourtofAppealthata p($4 distinctioncanbedrawnbetweenthosewhichrestrictmembership H)%5 topersonswhohavecertainqualificationsandthosewhichdonot.  *&6 Thisislikedtoadistinctionbetweenpersonalandimpersonal *d'7 qualitieswhichmustconfessIdonotunderstand.Ifthetruthis +<(8 thatthereisacarefulselectionofcandidatessothatonlythose  whoarethoughttobeacceptabletoothermembersareadmitted, l thenIdonotseehowitcanmatterthatcandidatesformembership D ofcertainclubsmustbeConservativesormembersofparticular  universitiesortravellersorreformerswhereasothersimilarclubs ` makenosuchrestriction.Membersarenotadmittedbecausethey 8 havethesequalifications,butbecauseonpersonalgroundsthey  arethoughttobeacceptable.NodoubtConservativesorgraduates |  ofaparticularuniversityareasectionofthepublicbutitdoesnot T  atallfollowthatanumberofConservativesorgraduatesselected ,   forpersonalreasonsmustalsobeasectionofthepublic. (p.886  p  e) =  L    Supposeaclubbeginsbymeetinginmembershouses  $  andthenacquiressmallpremisesofitsownbutpreservesits   formercharacter.Themeremovetoitsownpremisesdoesnot h  seemtometointroduceanypublicelement.Icannotseeany @  reasonableorworkabledividinglinesolongasthereisoperated   agenuinesystemofpersonalselectionofmembers.Thereisno \ publicelementwhereapersonallyselectedgroupofpeoplemeet 4 inprivatepremisesandtheclubwhichtheyconstitutedoesnot   providefacilitiesorservicestothepublicoranysectionofthe x public.(myemphasis) (p.887d)  P #XX%&[<#8 8` .     @ 71.0  TheCourtrelieduponthedefinitionofaclubfromHalsburysLawsofEngland,acomplete  responsetoMarchsadversefindingthattheonlytiebetweenMemberswastheiraffiliationfor \ smoking.d XX  #  xcvii      #XX dޖ#ԀOneoftheprimarypurposesoftheClub,beingsocialcreaturesthatweare,was R tosocializeinaprivatesettingthatwasagreeabletoallMembers. d hX4 #  xcviii      #XX d-#ԀPurposeofmembership   inanylegitimateclubofsharedinterestisirrelevant. ##  8` 8&[%XX   h   Aclubmaybedefinedasasocietyofpersonsassociated F" togetherforsocialintercourse,forthepromotionofpolitics,sport, # art,science,orliterature,orforanypurposeexcepttheacquisition  $ ofgain.Theassociationmustbeprivateandhavesomeelement b!% ofperformance. :"& 2  Abonafidemembersclubis,inotherwords,initsjuristic #~' essenceaprivateassociationandnotasectionofthepublic.(my #V ( emphasis)#XX%&[# $.!) 8 c8` qd     @     H     72.0  Kennedysubmitshereinthathehasmetalloftheserequirements,andmore. 󀀀TheCrownhas &h#, concededthisisalawful,nonprofitClub.d XX  #  xcix     #XX dԝ#   WhatstepsdidKennedytaketoensuredue ^($. diligencethatthepublicwerenotpermittedaccesstotheirprivateClub?Theseincludedbut ),&0 arenotrestrictedto:d (allpara.areherein)   d"+'2##      ,~(3 o"B93"  B90  2  1  .3  0##  para.5,1350 ##annualmembershipduesweremandatory,$4/month,$48/year.There  werenodailyormonthlyfees,noranyfeeforentry B94݌ # # Ќ  "B93"  B9ܕ0  2  2  .3  0##  para.20,260 ##therewerenoemployees,volunteersonly B9ܕ¡݌X # # Ќ  "B93"  B90  2  3  .3  0##  para.5,61,770 ##allmemberswererequiredtohavemembershipcards.Everyonewas 0 checkedcomingintoensuretheyhadtheirmembershipcardontheir   personasaconditionofentry.B9݌ t # # Ќ  d"B93"  B9ܗ0  2  4  .3  0##  para.18d0 ##allmemberswereobligatedtowatchthesingleentrancetoensureno  L  memberofthepublicgainedaccesstotheClubsprivatepremisesB9ܗĤ݌ 8  # # Ќ  "B93"  B940  2  5  .3  0##  para.5,6,8,0 ##adoormanwaspresentatalltimes,prohibitingthosewithout   membershipcardsontheirperson,thosewhowerenotmembers,allthe   public,fromenteringB94a݌|  # # Ќ  "B93"  B90  2  6  .3  0##  para.150 ##therewasatablesetupoutsidetheentrancetotheClubsprivate T premiseswithadoormanpresent.NonmemberswereprohibitedaccessB9#݌@ # # Ќ  "B93"  B9ܔ0  2  7  .3  0##  par.5;AppealBook,p.660H##anyonewishingtojoinwasrequiredtosignamandatory  applicationformB9ܔ݌pH#H# Ќ  "B93"  B90  2  8  .3  0##  para.90@ ##0 @ #@ #insodoing,theymustagreetoALLterms,rulesandconditionsofthe H Club.Anyonedisagreeingwithanyofthesewasnotgrantedmembership XX B9(݌4 # # Ќ  #XX d#"B93"  B90  2  9  .3  0##  para.160 ##noguestswerepermittedaccess,onlyactualmembersoftheClubB9݌  # # Ќ  "B93 "  B9*0  2  10  .3  0##  para.180 ##themandatoryrequirementstobeagreeduponaresetoutatpara.18B9*W݌x # # Ќ  "B93 "  B9h0  2  11  .3  0##  para.190 ##anymemberwhofailsorrefusestocomplywiththerules,termsand P conditionsoftheClubisprohibitedfromaccessB9h݌< # # Ќ  "B93 "  B90  2  12  .3  0##  para.210 ##theClubwasintheinitiationstagesofensuringthatallmembershad !  photoIDwiththemtoconfirmmembership;biometricimplementation "l! wasonlyweeksaway B9݌"X" # # Ќ  d"B93 "  B9ܷ0  2  13  .3  0##  para.9d0@ ##0 @ #@ #allmemberswerewarnedandmadeawareofthenatureoftheClubB9ܷ݌$0!$ # # Ќ  "B93 "  B9 0  2  14  .3  0##  para.160 ##warningsignswerepostedtokeepallmembersofthepublicoutandto &#& ensurethatonlymembersentereduponthepremisesB9 8݌'#' # # Ќ  "B93"  B9ܓ0  2  15  .3  0##  para.170 ##theClubhadaBoardofDirectors,aConstitution,bylaws,electionsB9ܓ݌`)%) # # Ќ  "B93"  B9Ӷ0  2  16  .3  0##  para.720 ##theClubwasnonprofitB9Ӷ݌8+'+ # # Ќ  "B93"  B90  2  17  .3  0##  para.210 ##theClubonlyadvertisedviawordofmouthandflyers,directed -|)- exclusivelytosmokers,friendsandfamilieswhosharedtheirviews.B9݌-h*. # # Ќ       @  Therewasnopublicadvertising .T+/ "B93"  B9۹0  2  18  .3  0##  para.200 ##therewasnokickbacksfromthesaleoffoodandbeverage"  B9۹݌/@,0 # # /V XX   ь  73.0  Thedividinglinebetweenaprivateclubandonethatisnot,restsintheexistenceofascreening  atsomestageasaconditionofmembership.d XX .(myc #  20      #XX d(#b##  74.0  OncetheClubisnowfoundtobeprivate,thepresumptionofregularityattachestheretoandit D isincumbentupontheCrowntoprovethattheClubisreallynotaclub.d XX 4 #  20      a#XX d# TheCrownhasfailed  toprovideanyevidenceandisunabletopointtoanyevidence,provingillegitimacyoftheClub. t ##      @     H 75.0  InDockersitwascorrectlyheldthataclubanditsmemberscannotsimultaneouslybepublic  8  andprivateforlegislativepurposes,itwasoneortheother.d XX hXd0 #  c      #XX d# Dockersinvolvedagroupof4000 .  clubsandover1000000affiliatedmembers.d XX usivelytosd, #  19      a#XX d#  ##  8` 8&[%XX Thetrueantithesisofpublicisnotdomestic,butprivate.Thenit J hadtobedeterminedwhetherclubsfellwithintheprivateor " publicsphere.#XX%&[#d XX ( #  19      b #XX d#&[%XXԀ  8 8`      #XX%&[# 76.0  Theprimaryissuethereinwaswhethertheclub,whichbelongedtoaunion,enteredintothe 4 publicrealmbysolicitingadmissiontoassociatestojointheunion,similartotheClubherein * advertisingmembershiptosmokers.Despitehavingasmanyas1in12peopleactuallypresent  attheirclubatanygiventimebeingsolicitedaffiliatesasopposedtomembers,thisdidnotalter Z thecharacteroftheclubasbeinga privatemeetingplace.d XX $ #  19     #XX d#d hXc #XX dA#Ԁ Thenumbersofmembersofa P! clubwerefoundtobeirrelevant,counteringanyreliancebythelowercourtjudiciaryonthe578 # membersoftheClubhereinasbeingrelevant. d hXusivelytose  #  ci     #XX dj#ԀThereisnoevidencehereinthatthenumbers % ofmembersalteredthecharacteroftheClubhereinasbeingprivateinnature.v'## d  d77.0  Membershipcardsweredemandedasaconditionofentry.d XX usivelytose #  19      d#XX di# Theprovisionofgoodsand !0* serviceswasnotprovidedtothepublicoranypartofthepublic,butonlytothememberswho &#, hadobtainedmembership,permissiontoattendandwhoagreedtocomplywithallrulesofthe $ . club.d XX  #  19     e#XX d\# Beingamemberofalegitimateclubipsofactoremovesapersonfromthepublic%V"0## _ &B#1   f78.0  Dockers,aswithCharter,determinedthatonceyouareamemberofalegitimateclub,although  youarestillamemberofthepublic,youhavemadeaquantumenergyshifttotheprivaterealm. b Thefunctionaltestwasdescribedbyaskingthequestion: wouldanoticePublicNot X Admitted,orsimilarsign,visiblydisplayedonthepremises,betrue?Herein,Kennedydid & haveasimilarsignandwarningonthefrontoftheClub.  Bysodoing, ##  8` 8&[%XX Thosewhowereallowedinwerenotadmittedintheirrolesas j   membersofthepublicbutbyreasonsoftheirhavingbeenchosen B   becauseoftheircharactersasprivateindividuals.#XX%&[v#d XX _ #  20      _ #XX d#   8 Z8` hG     d d79.0  Althougheveryoneisamemberofthepublic,itisnotinthatcapacitythattheyaremembers 2  ofaprivateclub,anymorethanmembersofahouseholdintheirhomearealsomembersofthe (  publicandareadmittedtobeexcludedfromthisdefinition,thoughnotexpresslymentioned  therein.Theyareintheirprivatecapacity,agrievouslyerrorby_Bartraw_ԀandMarch.X##  8` 8&[%XX Itwould,perhaps,beasemanticpossibilitytoreadthewords, : thepublicorasectionofthepublicasbeingequivalenttoany ~ personsinceallpersonsaremembersofthepublicandarealso V membersofseveralsectionsofthepublic.Butitisinconceivable . thatParliamentcouldhaveusedthewordsitdidtoexpresssuch  ameaning.Thegoodsandserviceswhichtheappellantsprovided r theyprovideprivatelytotheirmembers,theirguests,theguestsof J theirmembersandtoassociatemembers.#XX%&[?#d XX _4 #  20     _a #XX d#&[%XXnotthepublic.#XX%&[# "  8 #8` 1    80.0  TheCrownhasconcededthattheAppellantisindeedaprivateclub (seepara.82,149below) #  andthereisnothingmorethatKennedycoulddotobeprivate. d hXlusivelytof0 #  cii      #XX d|#ItwasalwaysKennedys j% intentiontobeandremainprivate.d XX , #  ciii      #XX d#However,theCrownargues,heisstillamemberofthe !' public,asareallmembers,andthusthelawappliestohim.Thisisitselfashamargument.4#)##   d XX #XX (#d 81.0  Whetheracceptedasnewevidenceornot,judicialnoticecanbegiventothepressrelease, F&"- reflectiveofthegovernmentsposition,issuedbythewitnessin_Decoste_,whohasevidenced '$/ thathehaspreviouslyissuedpressreleasesinrelationtothisissue.d XX ( #  civ       #XX d#ԀInhisrelease,_Decoste_  )v%1 expresslystates, ...thetrialforaSmokersClubthatoperated...Mr.MikeKennedywas l*&3 contestingtheapplicationoftheSmokeFreeOntarioActasitpertainstoprivateclubs.d XX lusivelytoh_ #  23      _#XX d#Ԁ In  furtherpubliccomments,_Decoste_Ԁfreelyconcedes:h##  8` 8&[%XX Werepleasedtheactwasupheld.Itdoescoverclubsofany J nature,bothpublicandprivate,said_Decoste_.#XX%&[S#d XX 4 #  24     #XX dJ# $ " 8 8` 82.0  _Decoste_Ԁissuedthispressreleaseoneweekafter_Bartraw_sjudgment.However_Bartraw_Ԁand  4  MarchruledthattheClubspremiseswasan enclosedpublicplaceonlybecauseeveryone *   wasamemberofthepublicatalltimes._Decoste_Ԁandthegovernmentknewallalongtheprivate   natureoftheClubandhavenowadmittedthispublicallyafterthecaseisover,obviously Z  believingthatthiswastheendofthematter.Didtheylieunderoath?P ## 83.0  Beingthemedia_liason_Ԁofficerineffectforthegovernment,heisobviouslyissuingstatements  representativeoftheviewsofthegovernment,forotherwisehewouldbeunauthorizedtosodo v Єthereisapresumptionofregularitythatwouldattachtothisfact. D##  8` 8&[%XX ..omnia_peasumptur_Ԁriteesseact.....Whereapersonisshownto & haveactedinanofficialcapacityitissupposedthattheperson j wouldnotintrudeherselforhimselfintoapublicsituationwithout B authorization.#XX%&[#d XX _0 #  25      _#XX d<#&[%XXԀ (myemphasis)#XX%&[#   8 8` !S 3!2 3S  84  .3    MarchplacedheavyrelianceuponthisCourtsfindingsinthe_DAngelo_case.However,this Z$   isdifferentiateduponthefactsandlawsandisofnorelevance.TheCourtwasdefiningpublic (&   inthecontextofpublicswimmingpoolthereinin_Lebaye_,theSCCwasdefiningpublicin  (   thecontextofadefinitionvirtuallyidenticaltothatofthe_SFOA_anditshouldbetheseminal !*   caseforguidance.Factually,in_DAngelo_,theswimmingpoolwasadmittedtobeopentothe "N,   publicasawhole,  andadmittedlynoenforcementofmembership  everyonewaspermittedentry D$ .   withoutformality,includingtertiaryandnonmembers. d hX_, #  26     _ #XX d#ԀThiswasrecognizedintheCharter %"0   caseasbeinganexemptionorshamclub,membershiprulesmustbeenforcedtobelegitimate.d XX ( #  20     #XX dj#  't#2   KennedysClubdidstrictlyenforcetheseprovisionsandtermsofmembershipallnon "  j($4   memberswereprohibitedfromentry. d hX%&[5i_$ #  cv     _#XX d#dd hX )8&6 Ї#XX d#d 2 3T  85  .3    Alternatively,insofaras_DAngelo_isreliedupon,thiscaseiscontrarytoChartersandDockers    caseswhichareonpointwiththenatureofpublicvprivateclubsintheregulatorynotcriminal b   context,andisrespectfullysubmittedisinerror.Thedefinitionof publicinthiscasewas X   awardedarestrictivemeaningspecificallybecauseofitspurposeto ..protectchildrenfromsick &   adultswhopreyonthemforpurposesofselfishsexualgratification.,_ie_:toprotectchildren     fromcriminaloffences,d XX i%&[5_ #  26      _ #XX d#Ԁwhereassmokingisastoried,legalactivity. ~   86.0  InRv_Labaye_,theSCCgavesomeguidanceonfactualcircumstanceswhich,ifpresent, B  demonstratetheaclubisprivate.Thedeterminationofaprivateclubvpublicwasanecessarily   incidentaldecisionthatwasrequiredtobeandwas,madeinthecourseofthisjudgment. [para. r  65] McLaughlinC.J.outlinedthenatureoftheapplicabletestinthiscase,which,initsfirst n  part,involvedananalysisofwhetherornotthe ..conductatissuecausesharmorpresentsa B significantriskofharmtoindividualsorsociety;.. [para.62] insodoing,McLaughlinC.J. 8 wasrequiredtofirstdeterminethenatureoftheareawheretheallegedoffencetookplace.The   definitionofa publicplaceins.197oftheCriminalCode d XX4 #  27      #XX d# isacombinationofthewording n ofthe_SFOA_ԀandtheTorontobylaw,asfollows: anyplacetowhichthepublichaveaccessas d ofrightorbyinvitation,expressorimplied.  2 ## 87.0  Infindingthattheclub_LOrage_Ԁwasindeedaprivateclub,d XX  _0 #  9      _ #XX d#ԀtheSCCconsideredthefollowing $ factorsasbeingindicativeofalegitimateprivateclub.Noneofthesefactorswerepresentin X& _DAngelo_.(Note:thattheSCCdidnotconsideradvertisingtoberelevant):N(##  33    a)0 @ onlymemberscouldenter; para.5[Rv_Labaye_]!+@ #@ #     b)0 @ guestscouldstillenterifaccompaniedbymembers; para.5 "',@ #@ #     c)0 @ prospectivemembersweremadeawareofthenatureofactivities; para.5 '#F -@ #@ #     d)0 @ applicantswhodidnotsharethesameviewswereexcluded; para.5 $e!.@ #@ #     e)0 @ therewasanannualmembershipfee; para5 &"/@ #@ #     f)0 @ thefrontdoortoallareaswasmannedbyadoormanwhoensuredthatonly 7'#0 membersandtheirguestsenteredtheclub; para.6 R($1@ #@ #     g)0 @ onthethirdfloor,doorsweremarkedprivate. para.65 q)%2@ #@ # 33688.0  McLaughlinC.J., atpara.66 ,didaconfirmative,expostfactoanalysisoftheresultsofthe +^(5 Courtsfindingofaprivateclub [atpara.65] anddeterminedthatitwasprivatebecause, On  theevidence,onlythosealreadydisposedtothissortofsexualactivitywereallowedto h participateandwatch. (myemphasis)Inotherwords,byclearinference,onlythosemembers ^ werepermittedaccessuponthepremises.2## 89.0  Allfactorssaveforb)aboveexistinthiscase.Thenonexistenceoffactorb)aboveis    substantiallytoKennedysbenefit.Factorg)ispresentaswell,onlyperformedinadifferent  X  manner,_ie_:byawarningsignonthefrontofthepremises,bythedoormanandadvertisingat N  thedoorandonflyers,advisingsmokersthatthiswasprivateclubopenonlytomembers.d XX %&[5j  #  cvi      #XX d #  ##    d  d90.0  ReferencingagaintotheCriminalCode,s.319,d XX j%&[54 #  27      #XX d' # PublicincitementofHatred,itsdefinition j  ofpublicplaceisthesameasins.197.Thissectionmakesitanoffenceto,interalia, ` communicatestatementsinapublicplacethatinciteshatredagainstanyidentifiablegroup. . ApplyingthetestfromtheSCC,coulditbesaidthattheMembersoftheClubcouldbecharged $ iftheyweretoenterintodiscussionsintheirClubonissuesoutlinedins.319oftheCriminal  Code?Not,thoughbyextensiontheCrowniscertainlyarguingso.ToextendtheCrowns T argumentthattheClubisapublicplace,wouldmakepubliceveryprivateclubintheprovince, J criminalizetensofthousandsofpeoplefromtheirprivateconversationsandmakeamockery ! ofourconstitutionalrighttofreespeechandfreedomofpeacefulassemblyandassociation.z### 91.0  _Bartraw_Ԁequatesbeingamemberofaprivategroupwithalsobeingamemberofthepublicand >' thereforesubjecttothelegislation.d XX was,madeink_0 #  cvii      _ #XX d#Ԁ k Heisconfusingcapacitieshereonthispoint.InOriginal 4 ) theJPheld,correctly,thatiftheadvertisingwasdirectedtoasegmentofthepublic,notthe !+ publicasawhole,itwouldbeclassifiedasbeingprivate.d XX  was,madein_ #  13      _ #XX d#ԀButhowcouldthisthenbe,ifeven "d- asegmentofthepublicaremembersofthegeneralpublic?Similarlydin_Lebaye_,evendthough Z$ / itwasmembersofthepublicwhocouldenter,itwasstillaprivatepremisesbecausethatwas %("1 theintentionoftheownersasmanifestedthroughitsactionsandadvertising.Membersofthe '#3 public,asherein,couldnotsimplywalkinwithoutagreeingtocertaintermsandconditions.($5## 92.0  Thatoneisamemberofsocietydoesnotmeanthattheyaresoforallpurposesandatalltimes. D+'9 Ratheritis,astheJPheldinOriginal,acontextualissue,d XX   _ #  13      _ #XX d#Ԁwiththeprimaryfactorsfor  considerationofthistestoutlinedbytheSCCin_Lebaye_.b## 93.0  InanticipationofrelianceupontheBarrymorescase, d XX _4 #  28      _ #XX d#Ԁthedifferencesbetweenthesescases & aresocompellingandsubstantialastomakeitirrelevant.The_CueN_ԀCushionClub,oneofthe   defendantstherein,admittedthatsignificantfactualdifferencestothiscase:~  ##     a)0 @ ithadnoboardofdirectors; 8 @ #@ #     b)0 @ noconstitutionorbylaws; $ @ #@ #     c)0 @ norequirementtosubscribetoasetofbeliefs; @ #@ #     d)0 @ anyoneapplyingisadmittedentry; @ #@ # ! 3U!    e)0 @ membershavenoaccesstofinancialrecords;| @ #@ #     f)0 @ membershavenoownershipofthebusiness;h @ #@ #     g)0 @ allprofit\softhebusinessgototheowners.T@ #@ #     h)0 @ theownersareresponsibleforalloperationsoftheclub.@@ #@ #      XXwF.0  Trespassingissuesd#XXե# ## d94.0  Anapplicabletestofassistancetodeterminepublicfromprivateisthelawoftrespass,raised : intheRvRoyalCanadianLegioncase.d XX 0 #  29      #XX d # Thiscaseisdifferentiatedfromhereinuponthefacts; 0 theLegioninthiscasewascaughtanddidopenlyadmitthepublicentryuponthepremises.  Moreover,itwasalsoadvertisingandsolicitingpublicattendance.Suchisnotthecaseherein.`##      @  d95.0  dKennedyreliesuponthefollowingprinciplefromthegreatEnglishcaseof_Entick_ԀvCarrington, $" applicableafortioriastomereregulatoryofficials.(myemphasisinthebelowreferences)$##  8` 8&[%XX ..ourlawholdsthepropertyofeverymansosacred,thatnoman h!' cansethisfootuponhis_neighbour_sclosewithouthisleave;ifhe @"( doesheisatrespasser,thoughhedoesnodamageatall;ifhewill #) treaduponhis_neighbour_sground,hemustjustifyitbylaw. _, #  30      _  #\ * 8 8`     8` 8 Primafacie,everyinvasionofproperty,beiteversominuteand % ", negligible,isatrespassandthereforeunlawful....Theinviolability x&"- ofapersonspropertyhasfromearliesttimesbeenvigorously P'#. assertedandresolutelydefendedbythecourts.Unlesslawfully (($/ authorized,apoliceofficerhasnomorerightthananordinary )l%0 citizentointerferewithapersonsproperty. )D&1   `  x ..itwouldinmyviewbedangerousindeedto *'2 holdthattheprivaterightsoftheindividualtothe +'3 r rTRX3'LetterX3'Letter3'Letter #XX d#ԀInhisrelease,3'Letterhereitis 4 permitted,oralternativelyT r  exclusiveenjoymentofhisownpropertyaretobe  subjecttoinvasionbypoliceofficerswhenevertheycan l besaidtobeactinginthefurtheranceoftheenforcement D ofanysectionoftheCriminalcodealthoughtheyarenot  armedwithexpressauthoritytojustifytheiraction.#XX%&[k$# d XX #  31      #XX d,#&[%XX ` [quotingRv_Colet_19811SCR2]#XX%&[-#d  8 8 8 d0  &[%XXNOTE: TheSCCsuseofthebroadword propertyasopposedtosimplyoneshome.#XX%&[{.#<$ ## 96.0  Whenaplaceisopentothepublic,orputanotherwaywhenthepublicisordinarilyinvitedor <   permittedaccess,nochargesoftrespassingcanbelaidagainstthosewhoenter.Allare   welcome.Aprivateclubisdifferent.Theremustbeadividingline.d XX _4 #  20     _#XX d0# TheCrownsand l  _Bartraw_spositionthatthislineisonesownhome d hX,0 #  20     a#XX d1# whichisexpresslyomittedfromreference b  inthe_SFOA_,iscontrarytoestablishedconstitutional,propertyjurisprudence.Privateproperty 0 isnotrestrictedtoonesownhome,afortioriwhenrelatedtoconstitutionalrightsofassembly & andassociationwhichinmostcasesduetosize,ofnecessity,mustoccuroutsidethehome.  ##  8` 8  8 48` 44 97.0  Enteringupononespropertywithoutpermissionandabsentstatutoryauthority,isprimafacie B evidenceoftrespass.d XX  _, #  32      _#XX d5# Theenteringontooneslandisinthenatureofalicencetheperson 8 wishingtoenterontoprivatelandmusthavepermissiontosodo. _( #  33      _Ԁ Hereinanyoneentering  and/orbeingupontheClubspremiseswithoutpriorauthorizationisatrespasserandcouldbe n  charged,  includingtheinspectors.Theyshouldconsiderthemselvesfortunateinthisregard. dd"##     XXddG.0  Wasthepublic ordinarilyinvitedorpermittedaccess?#XX8# XX (&## d#XX 9#898.0  Theevidencealreadyestablishes,withtheCrownsacknowledgmentandpraise,thatKennedys 8!( advertisingfortheClubwasrestrictedtoaverylimitedportionofsociety,_ie_:smokers.d XX uiredtobel!$ #  cviii     #XX d ;#"*##      99.0  Inacaseremarkablysimilartotheinstantcase,aJPhadoccasiontoruleuponawhethera ^%!. privatefunctionwasencompassedwithintheCityofTorontobylawfornonsmoking.The &,#0 materialwordingofthisbylawiseffectuallysimilartothatherein. in,admitted l  #  13         Thedefendanthad "($2 _advertisedwithrespecttoaKaraokefunctionatitsestablishment.TheJPinthiscaseperformed  anexhaustivereviewofthefactsandlaw.Thenatureoftheadvertisingwasoutlinedat para. b 16 󀄀flyersweredistributedtothepublictoattendtheprivateKaraokeparty.^## 100.0  Undercoverofficersattendedonoccasionsandwitnessedsmokinginthepremises.Charges (  werelaid.Thiswasaplacethatwasgenerallyanddailyopentothepublic,howeverforthis    function,itclaimeditwasnotandthereforetheJPhadtodecidedifitwasapublicplaceduring  X  thistimeperiodsoastofallornotfallwithintheambitofthelegislation.N ## 101.0  TheJPdidanexcellentanalysisofwhatapublicplaceisandhowthecourtshaverecognized ~  this.    #  13       TheJPillustratedawidecontinuumofinstanceswhereatoneendplaceswillbeso t  blatantlyprivateastocausenocontraryargument,whereattheotherendtherewillbeinstances B wherethelinesareblurred,ie:theActdidcontemplateexemptionsforclubs.Advertisingwas 8 foundtobeadecisiveconsiderationofpublicvprivate.   4 #  13      a Apublicplacewasfoundtobe  contextual,ie:conditioneduponintentionofuse,contrarytoBartrawandMarchwhofound, h uponthesamelaw,thattherewerenoexemptions.d^## d ;E102.0  IftheClubforexample,weretoletthegeneralpublic,ie:nonmembers,intotheirClubfora ! fundraisingsale,forthiseventonly,itwouldbeopentothepublicandsmokingcouldnotbe z# permitted.Conversely,apublicclubcouldtakeitselfoutoftheSFOAsimplybyputtingupa p% signsayingitis,forthepurposesnoted,notopentothepublic.Forexample,SubwayRestaurant >' canputupasignsaying, ClosedtothePublic,yethavea50peopleinsidewhohaveprivately 4 ) bookedtherestaurantfortheirownprivatefunction.Smokingwouldthenbepermitted.d XX  XXm 0 #  cix      #XX dRH#d XXԀ#XX dI#!+##  103.0  Whetheronereferstoasingleeventoraseriesofeventsaswastheissueinthiscase,d XX private_ m, #  13      b#XX dI# or $!/ privatelyruneveryday,isofnoconsequence.Theprimaryconsiderationswereintentionand %d"1 advertisement.Thenatureorinterestofthegroup,ie:theissueofcommonalityamongstthe Z'#3 membersand/ortheirraisondetreformeeting,wasfoundtobeofnoconsequence,   d XX( #  13      c #XX dL#asitwas ((%5 in_dDockers.dW*&7## Ї104.0  TheJPinOriginalPlayhousedidmakeafindingofguilt,howeveronlybecausehefoundthat  theadvertisingfromtheestablishmentwasdirectedtowardsthegeneralpublic.Afurtherfactor b wasthediscretiontopermituninvitedgueststoattend.Neitherofthesefactsariseherein.X## 105.0  Thewordordinarilybecomesimportant.Both_Bartraw_ԀandMarcherredinfailingtogive   noticetothiswordintheirjudgments.Thiswordasdefined,impliesthattherewouldhaveto ~   benorestrictionsuponentrancetobeapublicclub,_ie_:membershipisnotrequired. "  #  34      " d L ##  8` 8&[%XX Adj.Regular;usual;normal;common;oftenrecurring; .  accordingtoestablishedorder;settled;customary;reasonable; r  notcharacterizedbypeculiarorunusualcircumstances... J  P &[%%&[ordinarily !inanordinarymanner;usually;generally;inmost   cases.#XX%&[Q#Ԁd#XXXXER# h  j dR8 8` 106.0  TheCourtinDockersheldthattheadverb normally,whichissubmittedissynonymouswith B  ordinarily,wasintendedtodealwithgroups/businesseswhoareopentothepublic:##  8` 8&[%XX ..not..onanisolatedoccasion,butonewhoholdshimselfoutas | engagedregularly,oratleastrecurrently,intheactivityor T calling..#XX%&[T#d XX _ #  19      _#XX dU#&[%XX #XX%&[V# , 8 T8` TyT 0   d XX3W ## #XX fW#d107.0  Thelatterwords ordinarilyinvited # #  35      expresslyrefertoanintentionbytheownertoregularly, * normallyorordinarilysolicit(oradvertise)attendance,oraskthepublictoenterthepremises,  ! andtherewouldhavetobeclearevidenceupontherecordthatKennedysodidinthismanner Z# inordertobeencompassedwithinthisportionofthedefinition.Thereisnosuchevidence. P% Kennedysevidence,_unrebutted_,remainsthatsolicitationtoattendwasdirectedatprivate  ' smokers,  afactwhicheventheCrownadmittedwaslogical.  Thisbeingnodifferentthantheties ") thatbindthousandsandmillionsofmembersoftheDockersClubandConservativeClub.Ӏv#+## [108.0  Thisadvertisementwasfurtherperformedbywayofwordofmouthtosignupprivatefriends %0". andfamilies.d XX privatefuncn# #  cx     #XX d\# ThisissubstantiallydifferentandfarremovedfromhavingaTVad,newspaper &'#0 ad,flyersonpublicpoles,orsimilaradvertisingcampaigndirectedtothegeneralpublic.($2## 109.0  Theremainingwords, ordinarily..permittedaccess,impartadifferentcondition.Theword L+'6 eE  eXXTRX3'LetterX3'Letter3'Letter    function,itclaimeditwasnotandtherefor3'Letter #XX d#ԀInhisrelease,T8XXdXXd8 e  orisutilizedinthisdefinition,impartingtheexistenceofeithercriteria,forwhichKennedy  addressesboth.Whereas ordinarilyinvitedreferstotheactofsolicitation,thesewordsrefer b totheactofactuallylettingthepublicintothepremises. awhethera#n #  35      Allevidenceontherecord,d XX awhetherao#4 #  cxi     #XX db# proves X thatthepublicweredeniedadmittance&##     c!m 3U!110.0  Topermitaccess,then,requiresthatanyonefromthepubliccanordinarily(normally,regularly)  t  enteruponthepremises.Thepublicwasnotpermittedaccessatall.Thereisnoevidenceupon j   thecourtrecordthatwouldprovethatanymembersofthepublicrepeatedlyenteredorcaught  8  entering,foundtobeon,orhaveadmittedtoenteringuponthepremisesoftheClub. XX. ## #XX e#  XXd  #XX sf#XXH.0  AppliedPrinciplesofStatutoryInterpretation#XXf# | ## dd XX  d  _i_.0 @ Interpretationofstatutorydefinitions#XXxg# @ #@ #  8` 8&[%XX Ithasbeenjudiciallysaidthatitisonethingtoconstruethe  wordsofastatute,andanothertoextenditsoperationbeyond t whatthewordsofitexpress. L :fk   Alexanderv_Brame_18557DeG.M.&G.525,539, h 44All_E.R._Ԁ205,210#XX%&[mh#  @ i8 Qh8` _hi  D XX  #XX D j#XX0  s.15(2)(a)InterpretationAct,_R.S.C._Ԁ1985#XX*k# ## 111.0  enclosedpublicplace,beingastatutorilydefinedterm,mustbegivenitsmeaningbystatute. N Theonlyexceptionsarepursuanttos.1(1),(2)oftheInterpretationAct_R.S.O._!##  8` 88 m 8 a)0  isinconsistentwiththeintentorobjectoftheAct;j$xx b)0  wouldgivetoaword,expressionorprovisionofthe !B& Actaninterpretationinconsistentwiththecontext;or".'xx c)0  isintheActdeclarednotapplicablethereto.$!)xx 8` #m4m8 112.0  Factorsthathavebeenconsideredinthepastinrespectofsimilarlegislationinthe &T#, InterpretationAct, include: dJ($.## d      @      a.0 @ historyoflegislation*'1@ #@ # o! 3Um!t    b.0 @ absurdityandimpracticabilitywhichwouldresultfromotherinterpretations+'2@ #@ #     c.0 @ whetherthewordappearsasaphraseorhowitisotherwiseworded. ) tha$o_0 #  36      _p,(3@ #@ #  ^!|! ^TRX3'LetterX3'Letter3'Letterittedaccess,impartadifferentcondition.Thewor3'Letter    function,itclaimeditwasnotandthereforT |^TRX3'LetterX3'Letter3'Letterittedaccess,impartadifferentcondition.Thewor3'Letterittedaccess,impartadifferentcondition.Thewor!!T |  9$ p113.0  Anintentionitselfmustbeapparent,itisnotforthejudiciarynortheCrowntoassignone  becausetheydontliketheresultsofKennedyscorrectinterpretation.b## 114.0  Meaningsandinterpretationsinastatuteshouldbeconsistentthroughoutunlessthereisan & expressedprovisionotherwise._Oglaza_Ԁevidencesthereisnothinginthe_SFOA_thatimpliesan   intentiontoapplytoprivateresidences,whichareexpresslyexcludedfrommentiontherein. d hX) thap8_  #  cxii     _ #XX dVx# ~   Clearlyallprivateproperty,includingthatofclubsorindividuals,isexempt.Therearenosub  L  classesdefinednordifferentiationbetweendifferenttypesofprivateproperty._Bartraw_s B  findings, d hX_ 4 #  cxiii     _ #XX dmz#ԀaswithMarchs,  andtheargumentoftheCrown, d hX_ 0 #  cxiv     _ #XX dq{#Ԁthatprivatehomesareexempt,   wasnotreferencedtoanyexpresssectionofthe_SFOA_despiterepeatedquestionstothiseffect.  r ##  XX|o  ^}#XX &}#115.0  TheobjectiveofstatutoryinterpretationistodeterminetheintentionoftheLegislature.d XX  %r #  37      #XX d/~#d dThe z SCChasupheldtheapplicationofthemodernprincipleofstatutoryinterpretation.  #  38      Also H knownastheXXXX_the_Ԁ wordsintotalcontextapproach,d XX _ #  39      _ #XX do##XXXX#Ԁitisanamalgamationofallprinciples > andpresumptionsofstatutoryinterpretationtobeconsideredpriortoarrivingataconclusion. ## XXXX116.0  BoththeCrownandMarchconcededthistypeoflegislation,whichpurportstoinfringeupon Z privatepropertyrights,mustbegivenanarrowinterpretation,yetMarchthenfailedtosodo.d XX ) thas'_ #  cxv      _ #XX d5#P ##   XX #XX ?##XXXX6#XXXX117.0  WeareattemptingtodeterminetheintentionoftheLegislatureatthetimetheenactmentwas D$ passed,asevidencedbythelanguagechosen,incontextofallotherstatutes,constitutional :& documents,historyoftheActandsimilarstatutes. ) tha(s  #XXXX꘨#XXXX_Driedger_Ԁreducesthisprincipletofive(5) ( steps.Ioutlinethefirstthreehere,andtheremainingtwoatpara.137below.  j*##     a.0 @ theActasawholeistobereadinitsentirecontextsoastoascertainthe L#- intentionofParliament(thelawasexpresslyorimpliedlyenactedbythewords), 8$ . theobjectoftheAct(theendssoughttobeachieved),andtheschemeoftheAct $%!/ (therelationbetweentheindividualprovisionsoftheAct).I^&|"0@ #@ #  &h#1  E&"by" E8 dXXd8 bE8XXd d8TRX3'LetterX3'Letter3'Letter  37      #3'Letterittedaccess,impartadifferentcondition.TheworT b  _    b.0 @ thewordsoftheindividualprovisionstobeappliedtotheparticularcaseunder  considerationarethentobereadintheirgrammaticalandordinarysenseinthe  lightoftheintentionoftheLegislatureembodiedintheActasawhole,the l objectoftheActandtheschemeoftheAct,andiftheyareclearand X unambiguousandinharmonywiththatintention,objectandschemeandwith D thegeneralbodyoflaw,thatistheend.0@ #@ #     c.0 @ If,notwithstandingthatthewordsareclearandunambiguouswhenreadintheir  t grammaticalandordinarysense,thereisdisharmonywithinthestatute,statutes  ` inparimateria,orthegenerallaw,thenanunordinarymeaningthatwill  L  produceharmonyistobegiventhewords,iftheyarereasonablycapableof  8  bearingthatmeaning.d XX  #  40       #XX d# $ @ #@ # 118.0  TheSupremeCourtofCanadasaid, ...thatstatutoryinterpretationcannotbefoundedonthe r  wordingofthelegislationalone. d hX4 #  41     #XX d%# h ## ` 8 8&[%XX Thereisonlyoneruleinmoderninterpretation,namely,courts " areobligedtodeterminethemeaningoflegislationinitstotal  context,havingregardtothepurposeofthelegislation,the f consequencesofproposedinterpretations,thepresumptionsand > specialrulesofinterpretation,aswellasadmissibleexternalaids.  Inotherwords,thecourtsmustconsiderandtakeintoaccountall Z relevantandadmissibleindicatorsoflegislativemeaning.After 2 takingtheseintoaccount,thecourtmustthenadoptan   interpretationthatisappropriate.Anappropriateinterpretation v isonethatcanbejustifiedintermsof(a)itsplausibility,thatis,its N compliancewiththelegislativetext; #&[%J&[U# &[%%&[Ԁ(b)itsefficacy,thatis,its & promotionofthelegislativepurpose;and(c)itsacceptability,that j is,theoutcomeisreasonableandjust. "0 #  42     #&[%%&[#&[%%&[Ԁ(myemphasis)#XX%&[# B 8 #XXXXV#  CEUS.,XXXX8`      @ US.,CE.,#XXXX*# XXXX119.0  Allpresumptionsarerequiredtobeconsidered, throughouttheprocessofinterpretation...the  |" interpretershouldbeconsciousoftheirexistence,contentsandoperationrightfromtheoutset. r!$ Thisawarenessofthepresumptionsshouldunderliehisstepbystepinterpretationofthe "@& enactment,carryinghimthroughthevariousstagesinvolved,andguidinghimintheright 6$ ( direction.d XX **%, #  42     a#XX d# Becauseofthesepresumptions,theCrownmustadducesomelawtocounter %"* themorthepresumption,includingthepresumptionofconstitutionalcompliance,stand.#XXXXʘ#XXXX&f#,## 120.0  Onepresumptionisthemaxim,omniaprasumunturriteetsolenniteresseacta󀄀allactsare )*&0 presumedtohavebeenrightlyandregularlydone.  *(( #  12      ׀ Thisshouldbereconciledwiththeprinciple  +'2 l# 8XXdXXd8   thateverythingwhichisnotexpresslyprohibitedispermitted.TheactionsofKennedyare,in  theabsenceofanyexpresslawtothecontrary,presumedtohavebeendonelawfully.b## #XXXXy#XXXX121.0  #XXXXꘕ#XXXXBatrawandMarchwererequiredtoconsideran enclosedpublicplaceinthecontextofall & otherlegislation,d XX + + #  43      #XX d##XXXX#XXXXԀtheConstitutionAct1867d XX .4 #  44     #XX d# #XXXXe#XXXXԀand1982whichincludesmanyunwritten   constitutionaldprovisions, d XX10 #  45      #XX d#Ԁ theCharter;d XX 3, #  46     #d  di##XX d#XXXX,  #XXXXR#XXXXandthepresumptionsofreasonandjustice,d XX 6( #  47     ׀#XX d##XXXX꘨# XXXXandthey ~   failedtosodo,and/ordidsoerroneously.Ӏd #XXXX꘸#XXXXThesepresumptionsdemandaninterpretationthat  R  recognizesan enclosedpublicplace#XXXXw#XXXXisrestrictedtoplacesoutsidetheprivatesphere.H ## #XXXX(#  122.0  An enclosedpublicplace,definesaplace,enclosedandpublicbeingadjectives.This  x  definitionisarestrictionupontheconstitutionalrighttoenjoymentofprivateproperty,d XX 9$ #  48      #XX d٨# n  classifyingsomeofitas publicforpurposesoftheAct,(ie:toprotectnonsmokersfrom < involuntarysecondhandsmoke.)Otherthanthoserestrictedinstanceswhichfallsquarelywithin 2 s.9(2)oftheSFOA,whateveristheresiduumremainsprivateandunaffected.Itislogicalthat  thisdefinitionisinterpretedrestrictivelyandinagreementwiththeword, meanstherein.d XX 0;  #  14      #XX dg# b##  123.0  Thisrestrictionthenisfurtherlimitedtotheintentionoftheownersie:theplacemustbeopen D tothepublicatlarge,duringthetimesofoperationatissue.Ifprivateclubsweretobeincluded, ! theSFOAwouldhaveexpresslystatedso,expressiouniusestexclusioalterius.d XX = #  21      #XX dǭ# t###  8` 8&[%XX Alegislativeenactmentisnottobereadasprejudiciallyaffecting L% accruedrights,oranexistingstatus...unlessthelanguagein $& whichitisexpressedrequiressuchaconstruction.Theruleis ' describedbyCokeasalawofParliament.(2Inst.292)..basedon h ( thepracticeofParliament,theunderlyingassumptionbeingthat, @!) whenParliamentintendsprejudiciallytoaffectsuchrightsorsuch "* astatus,itdeclaresitsintentionexpressly,unless,atallevents, "\+ thatintentionisplainlymanifestedbyunavoidableinference.(my #4 , emphasis)#XX%&[Ϯ#d XX 1? #  49      #XX d#d  $ !- 8 8`  1d 124.0  BartrawisreadingintotheActthatwhichisnotexpresslynorimpliedlystatedanderroneously x%!. relyinguponthisinterpretationtostretchthemeaningofthelegislationtoincludeKennedy.&F#0## '/V$ 'XX '  d 8` 8&[%XX Noviolencemustbedonetothelanguageinordertobring  peoplewithinit,butrathercaremustbetakenthatnooneis X broughtwithinitwhoisnotwithinitsexpresslanguage.#XX%&[̴#d XX 2A #  50      #XX d#dd 0 8 8` d 125.0  Howeverthelawisclearlyestablishedthatreadinginshouldnotbedone.XXXXd XX (24 #  40      #d  df##XX d#&[%XXԀ&[%%&[#XX%&[U#Expressumfacit j cessaretacitum󀀄whatisexpressedprevailsoverwhatisimplied. d hX3(7 #  51     #XX d*#ԀTheSCCheldthatCourts  8 cannotinsertwordsintoastatuteifthereisanotheracceptableinterpretation.d XX I #  52     #XX dV##XXhXx# XXXX.  ## #XXXX#&[%XX 8` 8 ItisastrongthingtoreadintoanActofParliamentwordswhich h  arenotthere,andintheabsenceofclearnecessity,itisawrong @  thingtodo.#XX%&[|#d XX L #  53      #XX d#&[%XXԀ &[%%&[Ӏ#XX%&[O#Ԁ    8 8` #XXXXꘊ#  126.0  TheLegislaturehasclearlydeterminedthatthereisaproblemonlywithrespecttothoseplaces f  wherethepublicisordinarilyinvitedorpermittedaccess,andnoother.Onecannotdeemit 4 toextendfurtherthanthisexpressmanifestationofthewilloftheLegislaturetoprotectnon * smokersonlyfrominvoluntaryexposuretosecondhandsmoke.## 127.0  Kennedyisentitledpursuanttoourlawtoarrangehisaffairsashehassodone,soastoremain P outsidetheapplicabilityoftheSFOA&[%XX.Thewordevadeinthebelownotedquote,maysubstituted  withthewordavoid. ##  8` 8 ..1)allindividualshavetherighttoattemptevasionoftheeffects 0# oflegislation;2)therighttoevadethelawislimited. t$   Subparagraph1:Therighttoevadethelaw L%    Byrighttoevadethecourtsmeantherightofevery "& individualtoorganizehisaffairssoastoavoidtheprejudicial  ' effectsoflegislativeenactments,conditionalonthelegalityofthe f!( meanschosenforavoidance. >")   ..anindividualwhoisorwhomightfindhimselfinthe #* situationthatthestatuteseekstocorrect,mayevadethelawby #Z + dkeepinghimselfjustbeyondthelimitsofitsapplication. $2!, Ѐ...anyonehasarighttoevadeastatuteofhismeaningistoplace % "- himselfinsuchasituationasnottocomewithinitspurview.#XX%&[&#d XX 5N #  14      #XX dI#dd XX v&". 8 8` k    #XX # '&$0 l% 8XXdXXd8     XXddI.0  Privacyconsiderations#XXM# XX## d #XX #l128.0  Privacyisthe .cornerstonerightagainstwhichsearchandseizurelawmustbemeasured.,  quotingalsotheSCCinRvDyment198845CCC(3rd)244,254,that ..privacyisattheheart r oflibertyinamodernstate.d XX P #  15      #XX dv#ԀSection14oftheSFOApurportstoauthorizeinspectorssuch h toenter,remainandsearchpropertyforpurposesofenforcementoftheActwithoutawarrant.  6 Thereasonablelikelihoodofpoliceusinginspectorsfordefactosearches,ishigh. ,  ##  h&i129.0  Beingprivatepropertyandaprivateclub,theSFOAshouldnotbeinterpretedinamannerthat z  negatestheseprivacyrights,andKennedysintentiontobeandremainprivate.Asmentioned H  earlier,privatediscussionsintheClubsettingcannotbesubjecttoCharterorHumanRights >  Commissionscrutiny. ofthetd hXR4 #  cxvi     #XX dQ# Itmustbeproventhepublicareordinarilyinvitedorpermitted   accessbeforeviolationsofprivacyrightsbyinspections/searchesmayevenbeconsidered.n## 130.0  Ineffect,theCrownisarguingthatKennedymustinvitethepublicorpermitthemaccess 2 againsthisfreewill(andthatofMembers).TheCrownspositionthattheSFOAmustbe ( interpretedinamannerthatitisimpossibleforKennedytostructurehimselfbyusinghis  privatepropertyinthemannerofhis(andthemembersoftheClubs)choosingtodenythe X publicfrombeinginvitedorpermittedaccess,d XX T0 #  cxvii     #XX d# isabsurdandconstitutionallyrepugnant. N!##  d XX #XX #d 131.0  BeingamembersonlyprivateClub,eachmemberhasareasonableexpectationofprivacy .$ whenattendingthatClubthattheonlypeoplethatwouldbeadmittedthereinwouldbeother $& MembersasisrequiredintheAgreement,sdimilartoahomewhereinonlythosepeople  ( authorizedtoenterbytheownerorpersonincharge,mayenter.(shortofalawfulwarrant) !T* Membersofprivateclubs,aswithhomeownersandrenters,certainlyddonotexpectgovernment J#, officialstowalkinunannouncedtodoinspections,oranyotherreason.$!.##   d132.0  Section9(2),(3)ofthe1994TobaccoControlActstatedthatprivateareaswereexempt.   p'#2 However,therewasnoprovisionforarightofbylawofficerstoinspectsaidprivateproperty (>%4 withoutwarrant. d Section14(2d)ofthepresentSFOAexpresslypermitswarrantlessinspections 4*&6 upondprivatedwellingsandpropertyonlywhenandwhere d hXA#XX d# theyareopentothepublic.+(8##  ,(9 k&     8` 8&[%XX Atcommonlaw,thereisnopowertosearchpremiseswithouta  warrant..saveasincidenttoalawfularrest.(myemphasis l premisesisbroaderthanthehome.)#XX%&[# D   d&[%XXRvRao198412CCC(3rd)97,110,Ont.C.A.#XX%&[I#d   8 8` 4g       @ ̀0   d hXA#XX d# &[%XXԀ0##Seepara.38,39herein(s.14(4)(5))!Whereahomehasahairdressorshoptherein,searches L arerestrictedtothis enclosedpublicplacenottotheremainderofthehomethoughthere 8 maybe25peopleatthehomeforabarbequeatthesametime,withtheresultthatthereisonly   anexpectationofaninspectioninthisrestrictednonprivatearea.Similarly,whereaprivate |  group/clubmeets,theytooreasonablyexpectthatnogovernmentofficialswillbesearching T   theirprivatepremises.Again,thisrevertsbacktointentionofuse.#XX%&[#,  ## 6 133.0  Whereasprivacyrightshavebeenrecognizedinthecontextofs.8oftheCharter,d XX  6u8 #  54     #XX df# Kennedy f  respectfullysubmitsthatprivacyrightsfurtherextendtohisconstitutionalrightstotheexercise 4  ofpeacefulassembly,freedomofthoughts,beliefsandexpressionandreligion,andlegislation *  mustbeinterpretedincompliancewithsame.##  i d134.0  Themostimportantrightstoprotect,aretheconstitutionalrightstoproperty andprivacyand F theSFOAisrequiredtobeinterpretedincompliancewiththeseconstitutionalprotections.B##  8` 8&[%XX Onlythemostexplicitlegislationwillpermittheinfringementof  individualpropertyrights.#XX%&[#d XX 6X4 #  14      #XX d# h 8 8`  dd XX #XX #dd XX  #XX ,#XXddJ.0  Weretherefeesinvolved?#XXz# f## d135.0  AfurthererrorofsignificancebyBartrawishisfindingthatthereisafeeinvolved.d XX A_vZ #  cxviii      #XX d# Kennedy ! evidencesunrebutted,whichtheCrownpreviouslyagreedto,thattherearemembershipdues ~# topay,$4/month, \ #  cxix      howevertherearenofeestopay.L%## 136.0  Themembershipduesaremorallypaidtocoverthecostsforthebenefitsofmembers.These ") duesenablesamembertoattendonce/monthor30x/month,asthecasemaybeandheisnot $r + requiredtopayforanyorallofhisentriestotheClubpremises.Hemaypayduesforamonth h%!- andnotattendatall.Feesareforpurposesofdentertainment,whetheritbeamusicalband, &6#/ kareoke,toseeanartgalleryoranyotherevent.dDuesandfeesarenotidenticalnor ,($1 /V' XX   synonymous.Thereisnoevidenceontherecordoffeespaidatanytime.Duesaredefinedas:##  8` 8&[%XX Owed,tobepaid.2.Proper,fit,suitable,appropriate,becoming, N befitting.3.Owing,tobeascribed.n.Debt,whatisdue,charge.#XX%&[#x) & 8 8`  %8` &8&[%XX Fee:0  Pay(forprofessionalservice),compensation, ~ remuneration,honourarium,charge,toll, tip.#XX%&[E#d XX  they7w< #  55      #XX d#XXV xx 8 !8` 3     dK.0  IstheSFOAambiguous?#XX# XX P ## d#XX # XXXX137.0  ThesearetheremainingtwostepsofDriedgersprinciple,onlyavailableafterithasbeen    determinedthatatermisambiguous.h ## c    a.0 @ ifthewordsareapparentlyobscureorambiguous,thenameaningthatbest J  accordswiththeintentionofParliament,theobjectoftheActandthescheme 6 oftheAct,butonethewordsarereasonablycapableofbearingistobegiven"@ #@ #     b.0 @ Ifobscurity,ambiguityordisharmonycannotberesolvedobjectivelyby f referencetotheintentionofParliament,theobjectoftheactortheschemeofthe R Act,thenameaningthatappearstobethemostreasonablemaybeselected.d XX (7`4 #  40      #XX d##XXXX1#>@ #@ #  138.0  Therearetwopossibilities: enclosedpublicplaceisclearandprecise,oritisambiguous.If  itisclearandpreciseanddoesnotinterferewiththeprivatepropertyrightsofKennedyandhis d Club,thennomoreneedbeestablishedforasuccessfulappeal.ThisisKennedysposition.Z## 139.0  Alternatively,ifthelegislationpurportstoencroachonthefundamentalrightsoftheindividual, #  ..itshouldberestrictivelyconstrued. d hX(c0 #  14     #XX d# Herein,thisrequiresaninterpretationofthisdefinition  % inamannerwhich,asitisnotexpresslystatedtherein,thatprotectstheconstitutionalproperty !N' rights, rightsofassembly,association,freespeech,privacyofKennedyandtheClubMembers.D#)##   140.0  Furtherinthealternative,ifthestatuteisambiguous,thelawrequiresaconstructionstrictlyin %!, favouroftheAppellantKennedyandtheClubherein.d XX e, #  14      a#XX d# XXXXԀInordertoarriveataconclusionof &`#. ambiguity,thecourtisrequiredtofirst,V($0##  )$&2 ( TRX3'LetterX3'Letter3'Lettercessaretacitum󀀄whatisexpressedprevailsoverwh3'Letter  37      #T    8` 8&[%XX ..considertheentirecontextofaprovisionbeforeonecan  determineifitisreasonablycapableofmultipleinterpretations.#XX%&[(#d XX 8& #  56      58 #XX d# l Z8 8` 0  Thisincludesconsiderationof allconstitutionaldocuments.#XXXX꘷#XXXXAnyambiguitymustbe realand   reasonablycapableofbearingmorethanonemeaning.   Thecauseofthisrestswiththefact t thatthecourtswill, ..respecttheverywordsthatParliamenthasused,andoperatesonthe j  assumptionthatParliamentmeantwhatitsaid.d XX 94;4 #  57       #XX d4# 8 ## 141.0  Thefirststepindeterminingthepossibleinterpretationsofthewords enclosedpublicplaceis, ##  8` 8&[%XX ..toconsidertheeffectsorconsequenceswhichwouldresultfrom J  it,fortheyoftenpointouttherealmeaningofthewords.#XX%&[#d XX /9m0 #  47      #XX d#,/d hX "   #XX dx#8 8`  #XXXXꘑ#XXXX 0  Interpretationsthatare disastrous, unreasonable, unjust, unconstitutional, illogical, \  incoherent,or incompatiblewithotherlegislation,principlesoflawand/orconstitutional R documents,mustberejected.d XX :+a, #  58      #d  d4#d  d#XX d#ԀTheSFOAinthiscase,fallswithintheseparameters. ## #XXXXp#142.0  Ifthequoteddefinitionissusceptibleoftwomeanings,whichisdenied,than,quotiensidem x sermoeduassententiasexpreimit,eapotissimiumaccipiatur,quaerelgerendaeaptiorest F wherethesamewordshavetwomeanings,theonethatisbettersuitedforcarryingoutthe <! proposedendistobeadopted.  TheendsorintentionsoftheSFOAareclearlyandrestrictively  # toregulateplaceswherenonsmokersarenotinvoluntarilyexposedtosecondhandsmoke. l%##   d XX   #XX  #XXdd  i.0 @ Fixedandcertainlawd#XX) # N (@ #@ #      @ XXd0 Lowerjudiciaryfailedtounderstandthelegislationd #XX #"p* # # ! 3U!143.0  JPBartrawintheRv1395075case,hadoccasiontostatethefollowinginhisreasons,aswas #& , furtherheldbyJusticeMarchinKennedysappealatpara.11.%!.##  8` 8&[%XX ItisnotthedutyoftheCourttoexplaintothisorganizationwhat &`#0 infactisaprivateclubwhichwouldallowsmokinginit.#XX%&[ #    '8$1 8 8` 144.0  Tothecontrary,theSCCdifferedgreatly,holdingthatthelawmustbefixedandcertain.r*&5##  +@(7 L) LXTRX3'LetterX3'Letter3'Letter   8` 8&7%X3'Lettercessaretacitum󀀄whatisexpressedprevailsoverwhT L   8` 8&[%XX Thisprinciplehasbeenenshrinedinthecommonlawfor  centuries,encapsulatedinthemaximnullumcrimensinelege, l nullapoenasinelege!theremustbenocrimeorpunishment D exceptinaccordancewithlawwhichisfixedandcertain.Acrime  whichoffendsthisfundamentalprinciplemayforthatreasonbe ` unconstitutional.#XX%&[#d XX  #  59      #XX d#&[%XX 8 #XX%&[#8 8`       Fixed :0 madefirmorpermanent;firmlyimplanted;setorintentuponsomething;   steadilydirected;definitelyorpermanentlyplaced;stationery;definite,   notfluctuatingorvarying.d XX =;u4 #  61      #XX d#l   # #     Certain :0 Definitive.Freefromdoubt.d XX w0 #  62      #XX d# D  # # 145.0  IncombinationwiththedictafromRvSheppard,itisclearthatthereisapositiveobligation   uponbothBartrawandMarchtodefinewhatapublicclubandplaceare,topermita d  determinationofwhethertheyareencompassedwithinthedefinitionintheSFOA.d XX y, #  63      #XX d#Ԁ  Z## 146.0  ThefactthatpreviousJPsfindingshavevariedsowidelyintheirconsiderationsonthismatter,  leavespropertyownersandprivateclubsuncertainastohowtheycancomplywiththelawand  maintaintheirconstitutionalrightstosmokeprivately.Thelegislationdoesnottakeawaythe N rightsofsmokerstosmokeasaprivategroup.dTheJPsfindinginRv1395057OntarioInc., D dthattheCourtdidnothavetoexplaininitsdecisionwhataprivateclubis,isanerroroflaw.## 147.0  Itisthefundamentalessenceofjudicialdutytointerpretthelaw,d XX {( #  64      #XX d#Ԁnotmake,orasinthiscase, j" ignorethelaw.Itismostincumbentandobligatoryuponthejudgetointerpretthelawasto 8$ how,when,whyandwhereitapplies,andifthefactsmeetthistestandifnot,whynot.The . & obviousreasonistogive fairnotice ;@d XX*$ #  59      a#XX d#d hX #XX d:#oftheprohibiteddconduct.TheresultofBartawsand !( MarchscommentswastoleaveKennedy,alsothedefendantinRv1395075,temporarilylost .#* inthewoodsinhisattemptstocomplywiththelaw.$ ,## ЀdXXXX148.0  BartrawsandMarchsfleetingandminimalgeneralresponse,was,respectfully,indicativeof T'#0 theirfailuretodirecttheirmindstotheseissues,withnoexplanationastowhytheydidnot ("%2 applythemorwhytheywereallegedtobeinerrorotherthansheerlazinesstosodo._ *&4 #XXXXꘪ #XXXXUnfortunatelythisisinlinewiththefollowingcommentsby_LHeureux_Ԅ_Dube_:## #XXXXf"#XXXX 8` 8&[%XX Afinalcriticismoftheliteralapproachtointerpretationisthat N itisdefeatistandlazy.Thejudgegivesuptheattemptto & understandthedocumentatthefirstattempt.Insteadofstruggling  todiscoverwhatitmeans,hesimplyadoptsthatmost j straightforwardinterpretationofthewordsinquestion!without B  regardtowhetherthisinterpretationmakessenseintheparticular   context...Itistheintellectualequivalentofdecidingthecaseby  ^  tossingacoin....d. *;_ #  42     _#XXJ&[###XXXXV## u#  6  8 8` d dXX     @ 0 Healthunitofficialsadmittedtheydidnotunderstand  z  thelegislationd #XXՃ'#2  # # h'2(149.0  Theconfusionovertheambitoftheactuallegislationgoesfarbeyondtherealmofthiscase. B  CasinosandstoressuchasWalMartarehavingdifficultiescomprehendingthisAct,andthere  existsawide_divurgence_Ԁofopiniononitsscopeandapplication.Eventhewitness_Decoste_Ԁfor r theHealthUnithereinthiscase,freelyadmitsthatthelegislationisambiguous.h##  8` 8&[%XX Itsanexampleofthecontroversyandconfusioncausedbyfoggy " governmenttobaccolegislation,resultingininconsistent  enforcementacrossOntario,accordingtothehealthunitthat f barredThousandIslandsCharityCasinofrombuildingashelter. > *  Theyshouldhavebeencleareraboutitsaid_Decoste_.  TheMinistryhadachancetodotherightthinkandtheydidnt. Z   Thatsbeenourchallenge.Inallfairness,hadwewritten 2 thelegislation,maybeitwouldhavebeenwrittendifferentlyor   moreclearlyormorerestrictive. A*U4 #  65      (myemphasis)#XX%&[ +# v  8 *8` *,150.0  Itisincumbent,withrespect,forthis_Honourable_ԀCourttocorrecttheerrorsandsetstraightthe # lawinthisarea.TheSCCin_Labaye_hasprovidedexcellentguidanceonthisissueherein. !~%##      @   D XXd     @ dd#XX D 0#XXԄ0 PresumptionofnoninterferencewithVestedrights `#( # # #XXt1#0d<?2151.0  Iflegislationisambiguousorsusceptibleoftwointerpretations,thereappliesapresumptionof p%!* noninterferencewithvestedrights,suchasprivacyandconstitutionalpropertyrights. d hXA_0 #  14     _#XX dP3# Vested &>#, rightsaredefinedas:4($.##  8` 8&[%XX Arightthatsocompletelyanddefinitivelybelongstoaperson )&0 thatitcannotbeimpairedortakenawaywithoutthepersons n*&1 consent.#XX%&[4#d XX , #  21      #XX d5# F+'2  ,(3 + TRX3'LetterX3'Letter3'Letter Thecauseofthisrestswiththefact t3'Letter   8` 8&7%XT   _8 n48` |44Ӛ 152.0  Intheabsenceofanyexpresslegislativeintentiontosodo,theSCCheldthatalllegislation  shouldnotbeimpliedtointerfereinwithprivatepropertyrightsinthemannerBartrawsoheld. A b  Ifthereisdifficultyinconstructionofthestatute,thebenefitflowsinfavourofKennedy.  X##  8` 8 d hXA#XX d:# 0  &[%XX Statuteswhichencroachontherightsofthesubject,whetheras @ regardshispersonorproperty,aresubjecttoastrictconstruction   inthesamewayaspenalActs.Itisarecognizedrulethatthey    shouldbeinterpreted,ifpossible,soastorespectsuchrights,and \   ifthereisanyambiguitytheconstructionwhichisinfavourofthe 4   freedomoftheindividualshouldbeadopted.#XX%&[n:#d XX B #  66      #XX d<#&[%XX B؀ (myemphasis)#XX%&[W=#9  x  8 8`  153.0  XXXXThefollowingprinciplesappliedtoambiguouslegislationwherelibertyrightswereatstake. $  Thereshouldbenodifferinginterpretationofambiguouslegislationwhereanyfundamental   rights,freedoms,propertyand/orlibertiesareatrisk.|##     a.0 @ ambiguityshouldberesolvedinamannermostfavourabletotheaccused;6@ #@ # ~?~    b.0 @ whereoneinterpretationisconsonantwithjusticeandgoodsense,whilethe  othermayleadtoabsurdity,orunreasonableness,theformeristobepreferred.d XX (f4 #  40     #XX d$A#@ #@ #  #XXXX >#XXXX    c.0 @ iflegislationiscapableofbothaconstitutionalandunconstitutional f interpretation,thentheformeristobepreferred.Thecourtcannotreaddown R asectiontocreateaconstitutionallyvalidprovision.d XX C(k0 #  67       #XX d^C#>@ #@ #     d.0 @ ifoneslibertyisatstake,theinterpretationmostfavourabletohimistobe   preferred.d XX #d  dB#d  d(C, #  40      da #XX dD#5@#XXXXE#n!@ #@ #   XXPart40  ConclusionandOrderSoughtdd###  #XX 'F#154.0  TheCrownisattemptingtopushthislegislationbeyondwhatthelawpermits.Thereisnothing t!% toindicateanintentionbytheLegislaturetointerferewithprivatepropertyandconstitutional "B' rightsofassemblyandassociation,anymorethanwasnecessarytoprotectnonsmokersfrom 8$ ) beingsubjectedtoinvoluntarysecondhandsmoke.Thereisnoexpressnorimpliedintention %"+ tobanactivitiesbypeopleintheirprivatecapacities.ThefindingsofJusticeofthePeace &h#- BartrawandJusticeMarchareunreasonableandcannotbesupportedbytheevidence.Noone ^($/ otherthanabonafideMemberoftheClubeverenteredandremainedinthepremises.),&1## 155.0  BothBartrawandMarcherredintheirinterpretationof enclosedpublicplace_as ,(5 3$, 3TRX3'LetterX3'Letter3'Letterthefact t thatthecourtswill, ..3'Letter Thecauseofthisrestswiththefact tT 3  encompassingprivateclubs.Beingprivateitisthenaturalantonymofpublicandneednotbe  mentionedthereintobeso.ChartersandDockersprovideacompleteanswertothiscase.b## 156.0  Ifthis_Honourable_ԀCourtfindstheexistenceofambiguity,thisdefinitionshouldbeconstrued & inamannerwhichrespectstheAppellantsconstitutionalpropertyrights,hisandhisClub   membersrightstoprivacy,andrighttobefreefrom_warrantless_Ԁsearches. ~  ##  157.0  TheAppellantrespectfullyseeksanOrderthatthedefinitionofan enclosedpublicplacedoes B  notincludehisnoranyprivateclub,noranyprivatepropertyotherthanthatexpressly   mentionedthereintheAct.Alternatively,theAppellantseeksanOrderthatthelegislationis r  impermissiblyvague,uncertainandvoidonthisbasis.h ## 158.0  TheAppellanthasspentover$100000.00tosupporthisconstitutionalrightsandisseeking , significantcoststosaynothingoftheworryandemotionalsufferingforhimselfandhisfamily  andClubmembers.Herespectfullysubmitsthatthis_Honourable_ԀCourtshouldsparenoharsh \ wordstodescribetheactionsofthewitnessesandCrownspeakingoutofbothsidesoftheir R mouthatoncetellingthecourtitisapublicplacebecauseeveryoneisamemberofthepublic,    whiletellingthepublicitisaprivateplacetomakethembelievethatthecourtshavedecided " itappliestoprivateplacesallthewhileknowingtheMinistersandcounselscommentsthat x$ itwasneverintendedtoapplytoprivateproperty/clubs.Thattheywouldevenlaychargesand F& forceKennedytocourtwiththisknowledgeandineffect,misrepresentitselftothecourtand <( thepublic,isgroundsforsolicitorclientcosts. *## 159.0  TheCrownandHealthofficialshaveactedcontrarytoRvBoucher,inthattheirsoleobjective b#. wastoobtainaconviction.OnecannotreasonablybelieveMr._OShaughnessy_,anexperienced $0!0 lawyer,whenhetellsthecourtthatallprivatepropertyisincludedinthisAct,otherthana &&"2 privatehome.Heknewitdidnotandwasprosecutingthiscasebasedonpoliticalconsiderations '#4 and/ororderstosodo.(V%6##      @    Allofwhichisrespectfullysubmitted +(: Datedthis__dayofSeptember,2008 ,);    @  @  @@  @  @  @H  @  @  @P  @  @  @X  @"  @ _____________________________ r.*=  @  @  @@  @  @  @H  @  @  @P  @  @  @X  @"  @ MikeKennedy ^/+> 7X  J0,? Xg- XTRO'3Letter LandscapeX3'Letter'3Letter Landscapeisrestswiththefact t3'Letterthefact t thatthecourtswill, ..T8XXdXXd8--+ X  XXXXMikeKennedy0 @ 0 @ X/@ X/v0 X/ X/0HX/X/Leeds,GrenvilleandLanarkDistrictHealthUnitHX/HX/ Accused,Appellant0 @ 0 @ X/@ X/0 X/ X/0HX/X/RespondentHX/HX/  XX#  \##XX G]#  CourtofAppealfileno.C49015  ]  OntarioCourtofJusticeOffenceNo.060201 r ] XX  ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ `      @     H      P      X #XX Y^#     @     H      P      X OntarioCourtofAppeal 6      @     H      P      X ProceedingscommencedatPerth  $      @     H      P      X ______________________________     P2XX0  0X/X/0@ X/X/0 @ X/@ X/0 X/ X/0HX/X/0HX/HX/0X/X/0PX/X/0PX/PX/0X/X/0X X/X/FactumofAccused,   ЀAppellant#XX2P2b#X X/X X/        @     H      P      X ______________________________ Jj      @ #XXXXx^#XXXX     @     H      P      X  " MikeKennedy       @     H      P     2052St.Marie,Ontario       @     H      P      X K0A1W0  Ѐ0  0X/X/0@ X/X/0 @ X/@ X/0 X/ X/0HX/X/0HX/HX/0X/X/0PX/X/0PX/PX/contact_liason_:DavidKevin:LindsayX/X/      @     H      P      X  " 2508092012       @     H      P      X fax2504920549#XXXXd#XXXX ) #XXXXj#XXXX  #XXXXmj#XXXX#XXXXj#